Nassau
The Bahamas
Key facts and a structured country profile. π§Ύ Change log π True Size
415,306 (2025 est.)
13,880 sq km
Chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often designated as a Caribbean nation
π§ Background
Lucayan Indians inhabited the Bahama islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Piracy thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries because of The Bahamas' close proximity to shipping lanes. Since gaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management, which comprise up to 85% of GDP. Because of its proximity to the US -- the nearest Bahamian landmass is only 80 km (50 mi) from Florida -- the country is a major transshipment point for illicit trafficking to the US mainland, as well as to Europe. US law enforcement agencies cooperate closely with The Bahamas; the Drug Enforcement Administration, US Coast Guard, and US Customs and Border Protection assist Bahamian authorities with maritime security and law enforcement through Operation Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, or OPBAT.
πΊοΈ Geography
Chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often designated as a Caribbean nation
24 15 N, 76 00 W
Central America and the Caribbean
13,880 sq km
10,010 sq km
3,870 sq km
Slightly smaller than Connecticut
0 km
3,542 km
12 nm
200 nm
Tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
Long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
1.3 km NE of Old Bight on Cat Island 64 m
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
1.3% (2023 est.)
Arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)
50.9% (2023 est.)
47.8% (2023 est.)
10 sq km (2012)
Most of the population lives in urban areas, with two thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located
Hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage
Strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited
π₯ People and Societyβ¬οΈ Top
415,306 (2025 est.)
192,055
223,251
Bahamian(s)
Bahamian
African descent 90.6%, White 4.7%, mixed 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)
English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Plymouth Brethren 1.6%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, none 1.9%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)
21.4% (male 41,675/female 46,363)
70% (male 132,626/female 154,866)
8.6% (2024 est.) (male 15,799/female 19,533)
43.2 (2025 est.)
30.2 (2025 est.)
13 (2025 est.)
7.7 (2025 est.)
31.1 years (2025 est.)
30.6 years
30.7 years
1.08% (2025 est.)
13.1 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Most of the population lives in urban areas, with two thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located
83.6% of total population (2023)
1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)
1.03 male(s)/female
0.9 male(s)/female
0.86 male(s)/female
0.81 male(s)/female
0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
76 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
10.5 deaths/1,000 live births
8.2 deaths/1,000 live births
76.7 years (2024 est.)
75.1 years
78.4 years
1.45 children born/woman (2025 est.)
0.71 (2025 est.)
Total: 98.9% of population
7.1% of GDP (2021)
15.8% of national budget (2022 est.)
1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
2.7 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
31.6% (2016)
9.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
3.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
1.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
4.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
10.8% (2025 est.)
20.8% (2025 est.)
1.9% (2025 est.)
2.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
10.6% national budget (2025 est.)
πΏ Environmentβ¬οΈ Top
Coral reef decay; solid waste disposal
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
None of the selected agreements
Tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
1.3% (2023 est.)
Arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)
50.9% (2023 est.)
47.8% (2023 est.)
83.6% of total population (2023)
1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2.99 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2.966 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
23,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
5.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
264,000 tons (2024 est.)
24.9% (2022 est.)
31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
ποΈ Governmentβ¬οΈ Top
Commonwealth of The Bahamas
The Bahamas
Name may be derived from the Spanish baha mar, meaning "low sea," which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks; alternatively, it may be a form of the local name Guanahani, which is of unknown origin and meaning
Parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Nassau
25 05 N, 77 21 W
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Named after King WILLIAM III of England (1650-1702), who was a member of the House of Orange-Nassau
31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama
Common-law system based on the English model
Previous 1964 (pre-independence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973
Proposed as an "Act" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum
Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
No
At least one parent must be a citizen of The Bahamas
No
6-9 years
18 years of age; universal
King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor-General Cynthia A. PRATT (since 1 September 2023)
Prime Minister Philip Edward DAVIS (since 17 September 2021)
Cabinet appointed by governor-general on recommendation of prime minister
The monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the governor-general appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
Parliament
Bicameral
House of Assembly
39 (all directly elected)
Plurality/majority
Full renewal
5 years
9/16/2021
Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) (32); Free National Movement (FNM) (7)
17.9%
September 2026
Senate
16 (all appointed)
Full renewal
5 years
10/6/2021
31.3%
October 2026
Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 6 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 19 justices)
Court of Appeal president and Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition party; other Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body headed by the chief justice; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 68 but can be extended until age 70; Supreme Court justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65 but can be extended until age 67
Industrial Tribunal; Magistrates' Courts; Family Island Administrators (can also serve as magistrates)
Coalition of Independents Party or COI Democratic National Alliance or DNA Free National Movement or FNM Progressive Liberal Party or PLP
Ambassador Wendall Kermith JONES (since 19 April 2022)
600 New Hampshire Ave NW, Suite 530, Washington, DC 20037
[1] (202) 319-2660
[1] (202) 319-2668
Embassy@bahamasembdc.org https://www.bahamasembdc.org/
Atlanta, Miami, New York
Ambassador Herschel WALKER (since 9 December 2025)
42 Queen Street, Nassau
3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370
[1] (242) 322-1181
[1] (242) 356-7174
Acsnassau@state.gov https://bs.usembassy.gov/
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
10 July 1973 (from the UK)
Independence Day, 10 July (1973)
Description: three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the left side meaning: the band colors represent the islands' golden beaches surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black stands for the vigor and force of a united people, and the triangle for the people's enterprise and determination
Blue marlin, flamingo, yellow elderflower
Aquamarine, yellow, black
The motto on the Bahamas coat of arms is βForward, Upward, Onward Together;β the flamingo and marlin supporting the shield are national animals that represent respectively the land and sea; the pink conch shell symbolizes the marine life of the islands, and the green palm fronds represent the natural vegetation; the Santa Maria, Christopher Columbusβs flagship, also appears; the sun signifies the world-famous climate and the bright future of the islands
"God Save the King"
Unknown
Royal anthem, as a Commonwealth country
πΉ Economyβ¬οΈ Top
High-income tourism and financial services economy; major income inequality; strong US bilateral relations; several tax relief programs; targeted investment in agriculture, energy, light manufacturing, and technology industries
$14.544 billion (2024 est.)
$14.069 billion (2023 est.)
$13.653 billion (2022 est.)
3.4% (2024 est.)
3% (2023 est.)
10.9% (2022 est.)
$36,200 (2024 est.)
$35,200 (2023 est.)
$34,300 (2022 est.)
$15.833 billion (2024 est.)
0.4% (2024 est.)
3.1% (2023 est.)
5.6% (2022 est.)
0.5% (2024 est.)
9.6% (2024 est.)
77.2% (2024 est.)
64.3% (2024 est.)
12.9% (2024 est.)
25.7% (2024 est.)
1.1% (2024 est.)
37.8% (2024 est.)
-41.5% (2024 est.)
Sugarcane, grapefruits, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, tropical fruits, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas (2023)
Tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals
12.5% (2024 est.)
237,100 (2024 est.)
8.5% (2024 est.)
8.7% (2023 est.)
9.3% (2022 est.)
17.8% (2024 est.)
17.8% (2024 est.)
17.8% (2024 est.)
0.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
0.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
0.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
$2.855 billion (2023 est.)
$3.389 billion (2023 est.)
73.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
16.2% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
-$1.053 billion (2024 est.)
-$1.069 billion (2023 est.)
-$1.233 billion (2022 est.)
$6.771 billion (2024 est.)
$6.011 billion (2023 est.)
$5.425 billion (2022 est.)
USA 36%, Zimbabwe 16%, Cote d'Ivoire 14%, Germany 8%, Guyana 8% (2023)
Refined petroleum, ships, aluminum, shellfish, plastics (2023)
$7.069 billion (2024 est.)
$6.273 billion (2023 est.)
$5.843 billion (2022 est.)
USA 60%, Germany 13%, China 5%, Japan 3%, Brazil 2% (2023)
Refined petroleum, ships, aircraft, cars, crude petroleum (2023)
$2.512 billion (2023 est.)
$2.609 billion (2022 est.)
$2.433 billion (2021 est.)
Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -
1 (2024 est.)
1 (2023 est.)
1 (2022 est.)
1 (2021 est.)
1 (2020 est.)
β‘ Energyβ¬οΈ Top
100% (2022 est.)
608,000 kW (2023 est.)
2.036 billion kWh (2023 est.)
10 million kWh (2023 est.)
99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
600 metric tons (2023 est.)
20,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
14.13 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
14.13 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
104.409 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
π‘ Communicationsβ¬οΈ Top
93,100 (2024 est.)
23 (2024 est.)
388,000 (2024 est.)
97 (2024 est.)
4 major TV providers; 1 TV station is operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB) and competes with 4 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is widely available; 32 licensed broadcast (radio) service providers, with 31 privately owned FM radio stations; the BCB operates a multi-channel radio network with national coverage; the sector is regulated by the Utilities Regulation and Competition Authority (2019)
.bs
95% (2023 est.)
95,000 (2023 est.)
24 (2023 est.)
π Transportationβ¬οΈ Top
C6
54 (2025)
9 (2025)
1,274 (2023)
Bulk carrier 345, container ship 39, general cargo 58, oil tanker 193, other 639
6 (2024)
0
1
1
4
4
Clifton Pier, Cockburn Town, Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau, South Riding Point
π‘οΈ Military and Securityβ¬οΈ Top
Royal Bahamas Defense Force (RBDF): includes land, air, maritime elements; Royal Bahamas Police Force (RBPF) (2025)
0.7% of GDP (2024 est.)
0.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
0.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)
0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)
Approximately 1,500-1,800 active RBDF (2025)
Most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory has been acquired from the Netherlands or the US (2025)
18-30 years of age for voluntary service for men and women (18-60 for Reserves); no conscription (2025)
The RBDF was established in 1980; its primary responsibilities are maritime security and safeguarding the territorial integrity of the Bahamas, providing disaster relief and humanitarian assistance, and supporting internal law and order in cooperation with other law enforcement agencies; the RBDF is a naval force with a few light aircraft, coastal patrol craft, and patrol boats, as well as a lightly-armed marine infantry/commando squadron for base and internal security; the RBDF has training relationships with the UK and the US (2025)
π Transnational Issuesβ¬οΈ Top
30 (2024 est.)
30 (2024 est.)
Major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)
Source: Factbook JSON archive.