Slovenia

South Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

46 07 N, 14 49 E

Europe

20,273 sq km

20,151 sq km

122 sq km

Slightly smaller than New Jersey

1,211 km

Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

46.6 km

12 nm

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

A short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Triglav 2,864 m

Adriatic Sea 0 m

492 m

Lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

30.4% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)

61.8% (2023 est.)

10.8% (2023 est.)

50 sq km (2022)

(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense

Flooding; earthquakes

Despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

2,097,893 (2024 est.)

1,051,044

1,046,849

Slovene(s)

Slovenian

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)

Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)

14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628)

62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)

23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)

58.5 (2024 est.)

22.8 (2024 est.)

35.7 (2024 est.)

2.8 (2024 est.)

46 years (2025 est.)

45 years

47.9 years

-0.16% (2025 est.)

7.52 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

11.2 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

2.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense

56.1% of total population (2023)

0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)

1.04 male(s)/female

1.05 male(s)/female

1.09 male(s)/female

0.78 male(s)/female

1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

29 years (2020 est.)

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

1.6 deaths/1,000 live births

1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

82.2 years (2024 est.)

79.4 years

85.2 years

1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)

0.73 (2025 est.)

Total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)

8.8% of GDP (2022)

15% of national budget (2022 est.)

3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)

20.2% (2016)

11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

17.3% (2025 est.)

19.3% (2025 est.)

15.3% (2025 est.)

47.2% (2021 est.)

5.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

11.1% national budget (2022 est.)

17 years (2023 est.)

17 years (2023 est.)

18 years (2023 est.)

Air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood burning), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

None of the selected agreements

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

30.4% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)

61.8% (2023 est.)

10.8% (2023 est.)

56.1% of total population (2023)

0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

14.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

8.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)

46.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

15.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)

1.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)

1.052 million tons (2024 est.)

24.8% (2022 est.)

179 million cubic meters (2022)

645 million cubic meters (2022)

3.4 million cubic meters (2022)

31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

2

Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (includes Austria) (2023)

Republic of Slovenia

Slovenia

Republika Slovenija

Slovenija

People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

The country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)

Parliamentary republic

Ljubljana

46 03 N, 14 31 E

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

By tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure

200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

Civil law system

Previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991

Proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

No

At least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia

Yes, for select cases

10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

18 years of age; universal

President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022)

Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)

Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly

President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee

23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022

2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30 2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%

2027

Bicameral

National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor)

90 (all directly elected)

Proportional representation

Full renewal

4 years

4/24/2022

Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)

35.6%

April 2026

National Council (Drzavni Svet)

40 (all indirectly elected)

Full renewal

5 years

11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022

17.5%

November 2027

Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)

Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms

County, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ) List of Marjan Sarec or LMS New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB) Resni.ca Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS) Slovenian National Party or SNS Social Democrats or SD The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)

Ambassador Iztok MIROŠIČ (since 15 September 2023)

2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

[1] (202) 386-6611

[1] (202) 386-6633

Sloembassy.washington@gov.si http://www.washington.embassy.si/

Cleveland (OH)

Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025)

Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana

7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140

[386] (1) 200-5500

[386] (1) 200-5555

LjubljanaACS@state.gov https://si.usembassy.gov/

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian seal (a shield with Triglav, the country's highest peak, in white on a blue background) is at the center, with two wavy blue lines under it; three six-pointed stars in an inverted triangle appear on the upper-left meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)

Mount Triglav

White, blue, red

"Zdravljica" (A Toast)

France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL

Adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem

5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)

Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)

High-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt

$103.118 billion (2024 est.)

$101.503 billion (2023 est.)

$99.403 billion (2022 est.)

1.6% (2024 est.)

2.1% (2023 est.)

2.7% (2022 est.)

$48,500 (2024 est.)

$47,900 (2023 est.)

$47,100 (2022 est.)

$72.485 billion (2024 est.)

2% (2024 est.)

7.4% (2023 est.)

8.8% (2022 est.)

1.5% (2024 est.)

28.8% (2024 est.)

58.2% (2024 est.)

52.3% (2023 est.)

19.2% (2023 est.)

21.3% (2023 est.)

0.9% (2023 est.)

83.3% (2023 est.)

-76.8% (2023 est.)

Milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)

Ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

1.8% (2024 est.)

1.058 million (2024 est.)

3.4% (2024 est.)

3.7% (2023 est.)

4.1% (2022 est.)

9.4% (2024 est.)

10.6% (2024 est.)

7.9% (2024 est.)

12.7% (2022 est.)

24.3 (2022 est.)

13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

4.2% (2022 est.)

20.7% (2022 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

$28.874 billion (2023 est.)

$30.714 billion (2023 est.)

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

$3.231 billion (2024 est.)

$3.093 billion (2023 est.)

-$617.374 million (2022 est.)

$59.159 billion (2024 est.)

$57.66 billion (2023 est.)

$56.51 billion (2022 est.)

Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)

Packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)

$54.583 billion (2024 est.)

$53.309 billion (2023 est.)

$55.158 billion (2022 est.)

Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)

Nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)

$2.832 billion (2024 est.)

$2.37 billion (2023 est.)

$2.268 billion (2022 est.)

Euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.924 (2024 est.)

0.925 (2023 est.)

0.95 (2022 est.)

0.845 (2021 est.)

0.876 (2020 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

4.739 million kW (2023 est.)

12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)

10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)

9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)

774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)

24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

1 (2025)

0.7GW (2025 est.)

36.8% (2023 est.)

2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.)

2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)

2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

95 million metric tons (2023 est.)

4 bbl/day (2021 est.)

44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)

810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

647,000 (2023 est.)

30 (2023 est.)

2.73 million (2023 est.)

126 (2022 est.)

Public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 commercial TV stations; about 60% of households connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster with 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations

.si

90% (2023 est.)

683,000 (2023 est.)

32 (2023 est.)

S5

42 (2025)

4 (2025)

1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified

8 (2023)

Other 8

2 (2024)

0

0

1

1

0

Koper, Piran

Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, and special operations components Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)

2% of GDP (2025 est.)

1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Approximately 6,000 active military personnel (2025)

The military's inventory is a mix of Soviet/Cold War-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; Slovenia is in the midst of a modernization program to replace its Soviet-era equipment with NATO-standard European and US systems (2025)

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; no conscription (2026)

110 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Slovakia (NATO) (2025)

The Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)

13,369 (2024 est.)

10 (2023 est.)

10 (2024 est.)