Uzbekistan Facts, Map, Population, GDP

Capital

Tashkent (Toshkent)

Population

37,015,151 (2025 est.)

Area

447,400 sq km

Location

Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan

🧭 Background

Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in 2021 with 80% of the vote and again following a 2023 constitutional referendum with 87% of the vote.

🗺️ Geography

Location

Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan

Geographic coordinates

41 00 N, 64 00 E

Map references

Asia

Area — total

447,400 sq km

Area — land

425,400 sq km

Area — water

22,000 sq km

Area - comparative

About four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California

Land boundaries — total

6,893 km

Land boundaries — border countries

Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km

Coastline

0 km (doubly landlocked)

Maritime claims

None (doubly landlocked)

Climate

Mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Terrain

Mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west

Elevation — highest point

Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m

Elevation — lowest point

Sariqamish Kuli -12 m

Natural resources

Natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Land use — agricultural land

58.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

8.7% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

31.8% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

37,305 sq km (2022)

Major lakes (area sq km) — fresh water lake(s)

Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up

Major rivers (by length in km)

Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km) — Internal (endorheic basin) drainage

(Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)

Population distribution

Most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated

Natural hazards

Earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts

Geography - note

Along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world

👥 People and Society⬆️ Top

Population — total

37,015,151 (2025 est.)

Population — male

18,576,048

Population — female

18,439,103

Nationality — noun

Uzbekistani

Nationality — adjective

Uzbekistani

Ethnic groups

Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)

Languages — Languages

Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Languages — major-language sample(s)

Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

Age structure — 0-14 years

29.6% (male 5,597,947/female 5,213,403)

Age structure — 15-64 years

63.7% (male 11,649,017/female 11,617,411)

Age structure — 65 years and over

6.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,077,849/female 1,364,966)

Dependency ratios — total dependency ratio

57.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — youth dependency ratio

46.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — elderly dependency ratio

11.1 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — potential support ratio

9 (2025 est.)

Median age — total

29.2 years (2025 est.)

Median age — male

28.1 years

Median age — female

29.8 years

Population growth rate

1.26% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

18.93 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

-1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

Most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated

Urbanization — urban population

50.5% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio — at birth

1.08 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 0-14 years

1.07 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 15-64 years

1 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 65 years and over

0.79 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — total population

1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

23.7 years (2019 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

26 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate — total

17.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate — male

21.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate — female

15.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth — total population

76.2 years (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth — male

73.6 years

Life expectancy at birth — female

79 years

Total fertility rate

2.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.25 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: urban

Urban: 98% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: rural

Rural: 95.2% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: total

Total: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: urban

Urban: 2% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: rural

Rural: 4.8% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: total

Total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

7.7% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

7.1% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

2.81 physicians/1,000 population (2021)

Hospital bed density

4.9 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: urban

Urban: 98.1% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: rural

Rural: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: total

Total: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: urban

Urban: 1.9% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: rural

Rural: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: total

Total: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita — total

2.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — beer

0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — wine

0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — spirits

2.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use — total

15.4% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — male

30.2% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — female

1% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.8% (2021 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

74.7% (2022 est.)

Child marriage — women married by age 15

0.2% (2022)

Child marriage — women married by age 18

3.4% (2022)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% GDP)

5.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% national budget)

22.1% national budget (2024 est.)

Literacy — total population

100% (2022 est.)

Literacy — male

100% (2022 est.)

Literacy — female

100% (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — total

13 years (2024 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — male

13 years (2024 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — female

13 years (2024 est.)

🌿 Environment⬆️ Top

Environmental issues

Growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea; desertification; water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals

International environmental agreements — party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

International environmental agreements — signed, but not ratified

None of the selected agreements

Climate

Mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Land use — agricultural land

58.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

8.7% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

31.8% (2023 est.)

Urbanization — urban population

50.5% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — total emissions

110.992 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from coal and metallurgical coke

12.845 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from petroleum and other liquids

13.437 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from consumed natural gas

84.71 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

46.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions — energy

848.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Methane emissions — agriculture

868.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Methane emissions — waste

261.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Methane emissions — other

4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling — municipal solid waste generated annually

4 million tons (2024 est.)

Waste and recycling — percent of municipal solid waste recycled

31.6% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — municipal

2.3 billion cubic meters (2022)

Total water withdrawal — industrial

1.2 billion cubic meters (2022)

Total water withdrawal — agricultural

41 billion cubic meters (2022)

Total renewable water resources

48.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

🏛️ Government⬆️ Top

Country name — conventional long form

Republic of Uzbekistan

Country name — conventional short form

Uzbekistan

Country name — local long form

O'zbekiston Respublikasi

Country name — local short form

O'zbekiston

Country name — former

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

Country name — etymology

The name comes from the local people, the Uzbeks, whose name is said to have originated with Mongol leader Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad UZBEK; the Persian suffix -stan means "country"

Government type

Presidential republic; highly authoritarian

Capital — name

Tashkent (Toshkent)

Capital — geographic coordinates

41 19 N, 69 15 E

Capital — time difference

UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Capital — etymology

The current name of the ancient city was first used in the 11th century and comes from the Sogdian (Turkic) words tash (stone) and kent (town); the city was first recorded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. with the name of Chach or Shash

Administrative divisions

12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 3 cities** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Shahri, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Shahri [Samarkand City], Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Nurafshon], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)

Legal system

Civil law system

Constitution — history

Several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992

Constitution — amendment process

Proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum

International law organization participation

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship — citizenship by birth

No

Citizenship — citizenship by descent only

At least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan

Citizenship — dual citizenship recognized

No

Citizenship — residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch — chief of state

President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 14 December 2016)

Executive branch — head of government

Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016)

Executive branch — cabinet

Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)

Executive branch — election/appointment process

President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by majority party in the Supreme Assembly but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president

Executive branch — most recent election date

9 July 2023

Executive branch — election results

2023: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in snap election; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 87.7%, Robaxon Maxmudova (Adolat) 4.5%, Ulugbek Inoyatov (PDP) 4%, Abdushukur Xamzayev (Ecological Party) 3.8% 2021: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 80.3%, Maqsuda VORISOVA (PDP) 6.7%, Alisher QODIROV (National Revival Democratic Party) 5.5%, Narzullo OBLOMURODOV (Ecological Party) 4.1%, Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV (Adolat) 3.4%

Executive branch — expected date of next election

2030

Legislative branch — legislature name

Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)

Legislative branch — legislative structure

Bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber — chamber name

Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik palatasi)

Legislative branch - lower chamber — number of seats

150 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch - lower chamber — electoral system

Mixed system

Legislative branch - lower chamber — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch - lower chamber — term in office

5 years

Legislative branch - lower chamber — most recent election date

11/7/2024 to 11/12/2024

Legislative branch - lower chamber — parties elected and seats per party

Movement of Entrepreneurs and Businesspeople - Liberal Democratic Party (UzLiDeP) (64); Milliy Tiklanish Democratic Party (O'zMTDP) (29); Social Democratic Party ("Adolat" SDP) (21); People's Democratic Party (XDP) (20); Ecological Party (O'EP) (16)

Legislative branch - lower chamber — percentage of women in chamber

38%

Legislative branch - lower chamber — expected date of next election

October 2029

Legislative branch - upper chamber — chamber name

Senate (Senat)

Legislative branch - upper chamber — number of seats

65 (56 indirectly elected; 9 appointed)

Legislative branch - upper chamber — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch - upper chamber — term in office

5 years

Legislative branch - upper chamber — most recent election date

10/27/2024

Legislative branch - upper chamber — percentage of women in chamber

24.6%

Legislative branch - upper chamber — expected date of next election

November 2029

Judicial branch — highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)

Judicial branch — judge selection and term of office

Judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for a single 10-year term; the court chairman and deputies appointed for 10-year terms without the right to reelection. (Article 132 of the constitution)

Judicial branch — subordinate courts

Regional, district, city, and town courts

Political parties

Ecological Party of Uzbekistan or EPU Justice Social Democratic Party or ASDP People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or PDP Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party or UzLiDep Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party or UzMTDP

Diplomatic representation in the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Furqat SIDIKOV (since 19 April 2023)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chancery

1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

Diplomatic representation in the US — telephone

[1] (202) 887-5300

Diplomatic representation in the US — FAX

[1] (202) 293-6804

Diplomatic representation in the US — email address and website

Info.washington@mfa.uz https://www.uzbekistan.org/

Diplomatic representation in the US — consulate(s) general

New York

Diplomatic representation from the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Jonathan HENICK (since 14 October 2022)

Diplomatic representation from the US — embassy

3 Moyqorghon, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, 100093 Tashkent

Diplomatic representation from the US — mailing address

7110 Tashkent Place, Washington DC 20521-7110

Diplomatic representation from the US — telephone

[998] 78-120-5450

Diplomatic representation from the US — FAX

[998] 78-120-6335

Diplomatic representation from the US — email address and website

ACSTashkent@state.gov https://uz.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation

ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Independence

1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 September (1991)

Flag

Description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by narrow red stripes with a vertical white crescent moon and 12 five-pointed white stars in the left corner of the top band meaning: blue stands for the Turkic peoples and the sky, white for peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, and green for nature and Islam; the red stripes represent the vital force of all living organisms; the crescent stands for Islam, and the 12 stars for the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar

National symbol(s)

Khumo (mythical bird)

National color(s)

Blue, white, red, green

National anthem(s) — title

"O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan)

National anthem(s) — lyrics/music

Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV

National anthem(s) — history

Adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics

National heritage — total World Heritage Sites

7 (5 cultural, 2 natural)

National heritage — selected World Heritage Site locales

Itchan Kala (c); Historic Bukhara (c); Historic Shakhrisyabz (c); Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures (c); Western Tien Shan (n); Cold Winter Deserts of Turan (n); Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (c)

💹 Economy⬆️ Top

Economic overview

Lower-middle income Central Asian economy; key exporter of natural gas, cotton, and gold; ongoing reform efforts to reduce state-owned sector dominance, attract foreign investment, and improve sustainability of cotton production

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$379.989 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$356.797 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$335.678 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2024

6.5% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2023

6.3% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2022

6% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2024

$10,500 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2023

$10,000 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2022

$9,600 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$114.965 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

9.6% (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

10% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

11.4% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — agriculture

18.3% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — industry

31.8% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — services

45.2% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — household consumption

68% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — government consumption

13.9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in fixed capital

37.1% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in inventories

-3.8% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — exports of goods and services

22.8% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — imports of goods and services

-38% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

Milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023)

Industries

Textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals

Industrial production growth rate

7.2% (2024 est.)

Labor force

13.974 million (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2024

4.5% (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2023

4.5% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2022

4.5% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — total

10.9% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — male

7.2% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — female

18.1% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

11% (2023 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income — Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023

34.5 (2023 est.)

Average household expenditures — on food

46.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Average household expenditures — on alcohol and tobacco

3.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — lowest 10%

2.1% (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — highest 10%

25.3% (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2024

14.4% of GDP (2024 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2023

13.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2022

17.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

Budget — revenues

$21.565 billion (2023 est.)

Budget — expenditures

$25.953 billion (2023 est.)

Public debt — Public debt 2016

10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

11.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2024

-$5.738 billion (2024 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2023

-$7.799 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2022

-$2.847 billion (2022 est.)

Exports — Exports 2024

$26.173 billion (2024 est.)

Exports — Exports 2023

$25.05 billion (2023 est.)

Exports — Exports 2022

$20.966 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners

Switzerland 34%, Russia 12%, UK 11%, China 7%, Turkey 6% (2023)

Exports - commodities

Gold, cotton yarn, garments, fertilizers, fabric (2023)

Imports — Imports 2024

$43.624 billion (2024 est.)

Imports — Imports 2023

$42.646 billion (2023 est.)

Imports — Imports 2022

$35.643 billion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners

China 32%, Russia 17%, Kazakhstan 8%, S. Korea 6%, Turkey 5% (2023)

Imports - commodities

Cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, aircraft (2023)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$41.237 billion (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$34.558 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$35.774 billion (2022 est.)

Debt - external — Debt - external 2023

$25.714 billion (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Currency

Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2024

12,652.287 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2023

11,734.833 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2022

11,050.145 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2021

10,609.464 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2020

10,054.261 (2020 est.)

⚡ Energy⬆️ Top

Electricity access — electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity — installed generating capacity

17.901 million kW (2023 est.)

Electricity — consumption

75.753 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — exports

2.043 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — imports

4.977 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — transmission/distribution losses

3.433 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — fossil fuels

90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — solar

0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — hydroelectricity

8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal — production

6.379 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — consumption

8.941 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — exports

4,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — imports

3.521 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — proven reserves

1.375 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum — total petroleum production

64,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Petroleum — refined petroleum consumption

111,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Petroleum — crude oil estimated reserves

594 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas — production

43.249 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — consumption

44.455 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — exports

1.308 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — imports

2.514 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — proven reserves

1.841 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita — Total energy consumption per capita 2023

55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

📡 Communications⬆️ Top

Telephones - fixed lines — total subscriptions

6.147 million (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

17 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — total subscriptions

40.2 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

1,110 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

State-controlled media; 17 state-owned broadcasters, including 13 TV and 4 radio, with national service; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast locally; privately owned TV stations required to lease transmitters from state-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation (2019)

Internet country code

.uz

Internet users — percent of population

89% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — total

10.8 million (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

30 (2023 est.)

🚚 Transportation⬆️ Top

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

UK

Airports

74 (2025)

Heliports

3 (2025)

Railways — total

4,642 km (2018)

Railways — broad gauge

4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)

🛡️ Military and Security⬆️ Top

Military and security forces

Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards, police (2024)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2019

2.8% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2018

2.9% of GDP (2018 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2017

2.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2016

2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2015

2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

Limited available information; estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

The Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Russian or Soviet-era armaments with smaller quantities of items from suppliers such as China, Türkiye, and the US; Uzbekistan has a small defense industry, which is involved in repairing and maintaining aircraft and armored vehicles, as well as producing light armored vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, and other military items (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 for voluntary/contract service for men and women; 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service for men with a 12-month service obligation (2025)

Military - note

The military’s responsibilities include ensuring the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, securing its borders, and assisting with internal security; regional security and international terrorism are areas of concern; Uzbekistan joined the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012; although not part of CSTO, Uzbekistan continues to maintain defense ties with Russia, including joint military exercises and defense industrial cooperation; it also has defense ties with other regional countries, including Azerbaijan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Turkey; it is part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and participates in SCO training exercises (2025)

🛰️ Space⬆️ Top

Space agency/agencies

Space Research and Technology Agency (UzCosmos or UzSpace; established 2019) (2025)

Space program overview

Has a small but growing space effort focused on acquiring satellites and developing the country’s space industries and technologies in key sectors, including cartography, data processing, environmental and disaster monitoring, land use, resource management, and telecommunications; recognized for its astronomy program; member of international space organizations; cooperates with foreign space agencies or commercial companies from a variety of countries, including those of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the UAE (2025)

Key space-program milestones

2018 - signed space cooperation agreements with France and India 2022 - signed space cooperation agreement with Kazakhstan 2025 - Uzbek engineers began two-year satellite development training program in Japan with goal of building country's first satellite; signed space cooperation agreement with South Korea; announced development of 10-year national space program

🚨 Terrorism⬆️ Top

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic Jihad Union (IJU); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K)

🌐 Transnational Issues⬆️ Top

Refugees and internally displaced persons — refugees

8,505 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — stateless persons

20,000 (2024 est.)