Sweden Facts, Map, Population, GDP

Capital

Stockholm

Population

10,643,745 (2025 est.)

Area

450,295 sq km

Location

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway

🧭 Background

A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. Stockholm preserved an armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2022.

🗺️ Geography

Location

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway

Geographic coordinates

62 00 N, 15 00 E

Map references

Europe

Area — total

450,295 sq km

Area — land

410,335 sq km

Area — water

39,960 sq km

Area - comparative

Almost three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California

Land boundaries — total

2,211 km

Land boundaries — border countries

Finland 545 km; Norway 1,666 km

Coastline

3,218 km

Maritime claims — territorial sea

12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)

Maritime claims — exclusive economic zone

Agreed boundaries or midlines

Maritime claims — continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate

Temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Terrain

Mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Elevation — highest point

Kebnekaise South 2,100 m

Elevation — lowest point

Reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m

Elevation — mean elevation

320 m

Natural resources

Iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower

Land use — agricultural land

7.3% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

68.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

23.8% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

510 sq km (2016)

Major lakes (area sq km) — fresh water lake(s)

Vanern - 5,580 sq km; Vattern - 1,910 sq km; Malaren - 1,140 sq km

Population distribution

Most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated

Natural hazards

Ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic

Geography - note

Strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; Sweden has almost 100,000 lakes, the largest of which, Vanern, is the third-largest in Europe

👥 People and Society⬆️ Top

Population — total

10,643,745 (2025 est.)

Population — male

5,360,755

Population — female

5,282,990

Nationality — noun

Swede(s)

Nationality — adjective

Swedish

Ethnic groups

Swedish 79.6%, Syrian 1.9%, Iraqi 1.4%, Finnish 1.3%, other 15.8% (2022 est.)

Languages — Languages

Swedish (official)

Languages — major-language sample(s)

The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.)

Age structure — 0-14 years

17.1% (male 934,668/female 880,310)

Age structure — 15-64 years

62.1% (male 3,365,754/female 3,208,248)

Age structure — 65 years and over

20.8% (2024 est.) (male 1,032,279/female 1,168,576)

Dependency ratios — total dependency ratio

60.9 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — youth dependency ratio

27.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — elderly dependency ratio

33.6 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — potential support ratio

3 (2025 est.)

Median age — total

41.2 years (2025 est.)

Median age — male

40.1 years

Median age — female

42.1 years

Population growth rate

0.51% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

10.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

9.63 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

4.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

Most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated

Urbanization — urban population

88.7% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.700 million STOCKHOLM (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio — at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 15-64 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 65 years and over

0.88 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — total population

1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

29.7 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate — total

2.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate — male

2.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate — female

2 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth — total population

82.9 years (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth — male

81.2 years

Life expectancy at birth — female

84.7 years

Total fertility rate

1.66 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.8 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: urban

Urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: rural

Rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: total

Total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: total

Total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

10.7% of GDP (2022)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

19% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

4.41 physicians/1,000 population (2021)

Hospital bed density

2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: urban

Urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: rural

Rural: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: total

Total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: total

Total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita — total

7.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — beer

2.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — wine

3.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — spirits

1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — other alcohols

0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use — total

19.9% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — male

25.8% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — female

13.9% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.6% (2023 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% GDP)

7.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% national budget)

15.3% national budget (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — total

19 years (2023 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — male

17 years (2023 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — female

20 years (2023 est.)

🌿 Environment⬆️ Top

Environmental issues

Marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices

International environmental agreements — party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

International environmental agreements — signed, but not ratified

None of the selected agreements

Climate

Temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Land use — agricultural land

7.3% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

68.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

23.8% (2023 est.)

Urbanization — urban population

88.7% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — total emissions

43.96 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from coal and metallurgical coke

5.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from petroleum and other liquids

36.768 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from consumed natural gas

1.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions — energy

39.6 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Methane emissions — agriculture

127.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Methane emissions — waste

112.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Methane emissions — other

9.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling — municipal solid waste generated annually

4.618 million tons (2024 est.)

Waste and recycling — percent of municipal solid waste recycled

39.7% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — municipal

699 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — industrial

1.267 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — agricultural

102 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources

174 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks — total global geoparks and regional networks

1

Geoparks — global geoparks and regional networks

Platåbergens (2023)

🏛️ Government⬆️ Top

Country name — conventional long form

Kingdom of Sweden

Country name — conventional short form

Sweden

Country name — local long form

Konungariket Sverige

Country name — local short form

Sverige

Country name — etymology

Name derives from the North Germanic Svea tribe that inhabited central Sweden; the tribe's name probably comes from the Old German word sweba, meaning "independent;" the local form of the country's name, Sverige, means "kingdom of the Svea"

Government type

Parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Capital — name

Stockholm

Capital — geographic coordinates

59 20 N, 18 03 E

Capital — time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Capital — daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Capital — etymology

The name of the city probably comes from the Swedish words stak (bay) or stock (stake or pole) and holm (island); it was built in the mid-13th century on the site of a fishing village, so the name may refer to building over earlier foundations

Administrative divisions

21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland

Legal system

Civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law

Constitution — history

Sweden has four fundamental laws which together make up the Constitution: The Instrument of Government (several previous; latest 1974); The Act of Succession (enacted 1810; changed in 1937 and 1980); The Freedom of the Press Act (many previous; latest in 1949); The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (adopted 1991)

Constitution — amendment process

Proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal

International law organization participation

Accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship — citizenship by birth

No

Citizenship — citizenship by descent only

The father must be a citizen of Sweden; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Sweden and the father unknown

Citizenship — dual citizenship recognized

No, unless the other citizenship was acquired involuntarily

Citizenship — residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch — chief of state

King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973)

Executive branch — head of government

Prime Minister Ulf KRISTERSSON (since 18 October 2022)

Executive branch — cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

Executive branch — election/appointment process

The monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister

Legislative branch — legislature name

Parliament (Riksdagen)

Legislative branch — legislative structure

Unicameral

Legislative branch — number of seats

349 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch — electoral system

Proportional representation

Legislative branch — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch — term in office

4 years

Legislative branch — most recent election date

9/11/2022

Legislative branch — parties elected and seats per party

Social Democratic Party (SAP) (107); Sweden Democrats (SD) (73); Moderate Party (M) (68); Left Party (VP) (24); Centre Party (CP) (24); Christian Democrats (KD) (19); Green Party (Mpg) (18); Other (16)

Legislative branch — percentage of women in chamber

45%

Legislative branch — expected date of next election

September 2026

Judicial branch — highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)

Judicial branch — judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent

Judicial branch — subordinate courts

First instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents

Political parties

Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L

Diplomatic representation in the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Urban AHLIN (since 15 September 2023)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chancery

2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007

Diplomatic representation in the US — telephone

[1] (202) 467-2600

Diplomatic representation in the US — FAX

[1] (202) 467-2699

Diplomatic representation in the US — email address and website

Ambassaden.washington@gov.se https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/

Diplomatic representation in the US — consulate(s) general

New York, San Francisco

Diplomatic representation from the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Christine TORETTI (since 21 October 2025)

Diplomatic representation from the US — embassy

Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm

Diplomatic representation from the US — mailing address

5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750

Diplomatic representation from the US — telephone

[46] (08) 783-53-00

Diplomatic representation from the US — FAX

[46] (08) 661-19-64

Diplomatic representation from the US — email address and website

STKACSinfo@state.gov https://se.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Independence

6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)

National holiday

National Day, 6 June (1983)

Flag

Description: blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the cross is shifted to the left side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) meaning: the colors come from the Swedish coat of arms

National symbol(s)

Three crowns, lion

National color(s)

Blue, yellow

National anthem(s) — title

"Kungssangen" (Royal Song)

National anthem(s) — lyrics/music

Carl Wilhelm August Strandberg/Otto Lindblad

National anthem(s) — history

Adopted 1844 as the royal anthem, but also used as the national anthem until 1893; only the first verse is sung if the monarch is present

National heritage — total World Heritage Sites

15 (13 cultural, 1 natural, 1 mixed)

National heritage — selected World Heritage Site locales

Royal Domain of Drottningholm (c); Laponian Area (m); High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago (n); Birka and Hovgården (c); Hanseatic Town of Visby (c); Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå (c); Naval Port of Karlskrona (c); Rock Carvings in Tanum (c); Engelsberg Ironworks (c); Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun (c)

💹 Economy⬆️ Top

Economic overview

High-income, largest Nordic economy; EU member but does not use the euro; export-oriented, led by automotive, electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals; highly ranked for competitiveness, R&D investments and governance; recovery, with falling inflation and real wage growth balanced by risks from trade uncertainty

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$668.628 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$662.18 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$662.937 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2024

1% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2023

-0.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2022

1.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2024

$63,300 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2023

$62,800 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2022

$63,200 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$610.118 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.8% (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

8.5% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

8.4% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — agriculture

1.1% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — industry

22.6% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — services

65.9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — household consumption

43.7% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — government consumption

26% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in fixed capital

25% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in inventories

-0.1% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — exports of goods and services

55.4% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — imports of goods and services

-51.4% (2023 est.)

Agricultural products

Milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, chicken, beef (2023)

Industries

Iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Industrial production growth rate

0.3% (2024 est.)

Labor force

5.699 million (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2024

8.6% (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2023

7.7% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2022

7.4% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — total

23.8% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — male

24.3% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — female

23.2% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

16.1% (2022 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income — Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

31.6 (2022 est.)

Average household expenditures — on food

13% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Average household expenditures — on alcohol and tobacco

3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — lowest 10%

2.5% (2022 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — highest 10%

24.7% (2022 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2024

0.8% of GDP (2024 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2023

0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2022

0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)

Budget — revenues

$195.468 billion (2022 est.)

Budget — expenditures

$191.095 billion (2022 est.)

Public debt — Public debt 2022

36.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

27.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2024

$45.274 billion (2024 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2023

$40.819 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2022

$27.404 billion (2022 est.)

Exports — Exports 2024

$338.852 billion (2024 est.)

Exports — Exports 2023

$329.332 billion (2023 est.)

Exports — Exports 2022

$318.203 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 10%, USA 10%, Denmark 8%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023)

Exports - commodities

Cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, paper, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)

Imports — Imports 2024

$309.526 billion (2024 est.)

Imports — Imports 2023

$304.194 billion (2023 est.)

Imports — Imports 2022

$304.101 billion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners

Germany 17%, Netherlands 10%, Norway 9%, Denmark 6%, China 6% (2023)

Imports - commodities

Cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$62.569 billion (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$60.863 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$64.289 billion (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Currency

Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2024

10.568 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2023

10.61 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2022

10.114 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2021

8.577 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2020

9.21 (2020 est.)

⚡ Energy⬆️ Top

Electricity access — electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity — installed generating capacity

55.307 million kW (2023 est.)

Electricity — consumption

125.273 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — exports

36.151 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — imports

7.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — transmission/distribution losses

9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — fossil fuels

0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — nuclear

28.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — solar

1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — wind

21% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — hydroelectricity

40.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — biomass and waste

7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy — Number of operational nuclear reactors

6 (2025)

Nuclear energy — Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors

7.01GW (2025 est.)

Nuclear energy — Percent of total electricity production

28.6% (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy — Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down

7 (2025)

Coal — production

1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — consumption

3.17 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — exports

23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — imports

2.078 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — proven reserves

5 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum — total petroleum production

11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Petroleum — refined petroleum consumption

270,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Natural gas — consumption

896.109 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — exports

10.625 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — imports

897.487 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita — Total energy consumption per capita 2023

142.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

📡 Communications⬆️ Top

Telephones - fixed lines — total subscriptions

898,000 (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

9 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — total subscriptions

14.9 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

141 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

Publicly owned TV broadcaster has 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster has 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations, with some consolidating into near-national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently

Internet country code

.se

Internet users — percent of population

96% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — total

4.3 million (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

41 (2023 est.)

🚚 Transportation⬆️ Top

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

SE

Airports

206 (2025)

Heliports

11 (2025)

Railways — total

10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified

Railways — narrow gauge

65 km

Merchant marine — total

361 (2023)

Merchant marine — by type

General cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299

Ports — total ports

92 (2024)

Ports — large

3

Ports — medium

10

Ports — small

30

Ports — very small

49

Ports — ports with oil terminals

49

Ports — key ports

Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras

🛡️ Military and Security⬆️ Top

Military and security forces

Swedish Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten): Army, Navy, Air Force, Home Guard (202)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2025

2.5% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2024

2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2023

1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2022

1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2021

1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

Approximately 25,000 active military personnel; approximately 21,000 Home Guard (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

The SAF's inventory is comprised of mostly domestically produced armaments alongside smaller amounts of imported Western systems; Sweden's defense industry produces a range of air, land, and naval systems, including armored vehicles, combat aircraft, and submarines; it also produces weapons systems jointly with other countries (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service for men and women; conscript service obligation typically 9-15 months depending on the branch of service and position, with a reserve commitment up to age 45 (2026)

Military deployments

Approximately 600 Latvia (NATO) (2025)

Military - note

The Swedish military is responsible for deterrence and the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; the military has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis with a trained reserve and a Home Guard Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March 2024; prior to membership, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some individual NATO member states, particularly Finland, Germany, Norway, the UK, and the US (2025)

🛰️ Space⬆️ Top

Space agency/agencies

Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; established 1972; known until 2018 as the Swedish National Space Board) (2025)

Space launch site(s)

Esrange Space Center (Kiruna) (2025)

Space program overview

Aims to have one of Europe's leading space programs; produces and operates satellites; builds and launches sounding rockets; involved in the research, development, production, and operations of a variety of other space-related areas, including astronomy, atmospheric monitoring, geographic information systems, infrared imaging, meteorology, propulsion systems, remote sensing, satellite subsystems, spacecraft systems and structures, research, and telecommunications; member of the ESA and program is integrated into its framework; works extensively with foreign space agencies, in particular through the ESA and EU and their member states, as well as with the US; participates in programs such as Europe's Copernicus Earth observation and the Galileo global navigation satellite system, France's Pleiades project, and the Square Kilometer Array Project; has a large commercial space industry, including state-owned enterprises (2025)

Key space-program milestones

1950s - space program initiated with the establishment of a space observatory and the Swedish Space Research Committee 1961 - launched first sounding rocket 1986 - first scientific satellite (Viking) launched on European rocket 1989 - first communications satellite (Tele-X) launched on European rocket 2006 - first astronaut into space on US Space Shuttle 2019 - established a space data lab for artificial intelligence-based analysis of imagery data 2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; launched first military communications satellite (GNA-3); adopted its first defense and security space strategy

🚨 Terrorism⬆️ Top

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

🌐 Transnational Issues⬆️ Top

Refugees and internally displaced persons — refugees

168,519 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — stateless persons

6,835 (2024 est.)