Portugal Facts, Map, Population, GDP

Capital

Lisbon

Population

10,194,277 (2025 est.)

Area

92,090 sq km

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

🧭 Background

A global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A revolution deposed the monarchy in 1910, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup ushered in broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

🗺️ Geography

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Geographic coordinates

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Map references

Europe

Area — total

92,090 sq km

Area — land

91,470 sq km

Area — water

620 sq km

Area - comparative

Slightly smaller than Virginia

Land boundaries — total

1,224 km

Land boundaries — border countries

Spain 1,224 km

Coastline

1,793 km

Maritime claims — territorial sea

12 nm

Maritime claims — contiguous zone

24 nm

Maritime claims — exclusive economic zone

200 nm

Maritime claims — continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate

Maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Terrain

The west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains

Elevation — highest point

Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Elevation — lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Elevation — mean elevation

372 m

Natural resources

Fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Land use — agricultural land

43.3% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 10.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 9.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 23.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

36.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

5.7% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

5,662 sq km (2019)

Population distribution

Concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Natural hazards

Azores subject to severe earthquakes volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Geography - note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde

👥 People and Society⬆️ Top

Population — total

10,194,277 (2025 est.)

Population — male

4,831,166

Population — female

5,363,111

Nationality — noun

Portuguese (singular and plural)

Nationality — adjective

Portuguese

Ethnic groups

Portuguese 95%; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born 5%

Languages

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Religions

Catholic 68.1%, not applicable 12.9%, no religion 12.0%, no response 2.2%, Protestant 1.8%, other 1.0%; less than 1%: other Christians, Orthodox, Muslim (2021 est.)

Age structure — 0-14 years

12.7% (male 662,419/female 631,284)

Age structure — 15-64 years

65% (male 3,264,766/female 3,371,087)

Age structure — 65 years and over

22.3% (2024 est.) (male 908,578/female 1,369,043)

Dependency ratios — total dependency ratio

54.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — youth dependency ratio

19.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — elderly dependency ratio

35 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — potential support ratio

2.9 (2025 est.)

Median age — total

46.8 years (2025 est.)

Median age — male

44.3 years

Median age — female

48.3 years

Population growth rate

-0.11% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

8.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

10.92 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

Concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Urbanization — urban population

67.9% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)

Sex ratio — at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 15-64 years

0.97 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 65 years and over

0.66 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — total population

0.9 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

15 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate — total

2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate — male

2.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate — female

2.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth — total population

81.9 years (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth — male

78.8 years

Life expectancy at birth — female

85.2 years

Total fertility rate

1.46 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.71 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: urban

Urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: rural

Rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: total

Total: 99.3% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: rural

Rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: total

Total: 0.7% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

10.6% of GDP (2022)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

14.8% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

5.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Hospital bed density

3.5 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: urban

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: rural

Rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: total

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: total

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.8% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita — total

10.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — beer

2.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — wine

6.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — spirits

1.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — other alcohols

0.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use — total

20.7% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — male

26.1% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — female

15.9% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

0.9% (2016 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

50.6% (2021 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.6% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% national budget)

10.4% national budget (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — total

18 years (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — male

17 years (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — female

18 years (2022 est.)

🌿 Environment⬆️ Top

Environmental issues

Soil erosion; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas

International environmental agreements — party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

International environmental agreements — signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban

Climate

Maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Land use — agricultural land

43.3% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 10.1% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 9.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 23.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

36.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

5.7% (2023 est.)

Urbanization — urban population

67.9% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — total emissions

38.272 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from coal and metallurgical coke

20,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from petroleum and other liquids

29.525 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from consumed natural gas

8.727 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

7.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling — municipal solid waste generated annually

5.268 million tons (2024 est.)

Waste and recycling — percent of municipal solid waste recycled

23.5% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — municipal

920.03 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — industrial

1.83 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — agricultural

3.419 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources

77.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks — total global geoparks and regional networks

6 (2024)

Geoparks — global geoparks and regional networks

Açores; Arouca; Estrela; Naturtejo da Meseta Meridional; Oeste; Terras de Cavaleiros (2024)

🏛️ Government⬆️ Top

Country name — conventional long form

Portuguese Republic

Country name — conventional short form

Portugal

Country name — local long form

Republica Portuguesa

Country name — local short form

Portugal

Country name — etymology

Name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale," meaning "Port of Cale;" Cale was located in present-day northern Portugal, and its name is said to come from the Latin word calere (to be warm) because the harbor never iced over

Government type

Semi-presidential republic

Capital — name

Lisbon

Capital — geographic coordinates

38 43 N, 9 08 W

Capital — time difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Capital — daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Capital — time zone note

Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

Capital — etymology

The origin of the name is unclear; some trace it back to the legendary Greek hero Ulysses; others claim a derivation from the Phoenician alis-ubbo, or "joyful bay"

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Legal system

Civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts

Constitution — history

Several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976

Constitution — amendment process

Proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members

International law organization participation

Accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship — citizenship by birth

No

Citizenship — citizenship by descent only

At least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

Citizenship — dual citizenship recognized

Yes

Citizenship — residency requirement for naturalization

10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch — chief of state

President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)

Executive branch — head of government

Prime Minister Antonio Luis MONTENEGRO (since 2 April 2024)

Executive branch — cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

Executive branch — election/appointment process

President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister

Executive branch — most recent election date

24 January 2021

Executive branch — election results

2021: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, other 10.1% 2016: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8%

Executive branch — expected date of next election

January 2026

Legislative branch — legislature name

Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)

Legislative branch — legislative structure

Unicameral

Legislative branch — number of seats

230 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch — electoral system

Proportional representation

Legislative branch — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch — term in office

4 years

Legislative branch — most recent election date

5/18/2025

Legislative branch — parties elected and seats per party

Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD) - Democratic and Social Centre - People's Party (CDS-PP) (88); Chega (CH) (60); Socialist Party (PS) (58); Other (24)

Legislative branch — percentage of women in chamber

35.7%

Legislative branch — expected date of next election

September 2029

Judicial branch — highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)

Judicial branch — judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms

Judicial branch — subordinate courts

Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Political parties

Democratic Alliance or AD (2024 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) Democratic and Social Center/People's Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP Ecologist Party "The Greens" or "Os Verdes" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV Enough (Chega) Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL LIVRE or L People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN People's Monarchist Party or PPM Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (formerly the Partido Popular Democratico or PPD) Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU (includes PCP and PEV) (2024)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Francisco Antonio DUARTE LOPES (since 7 June 2022)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chancery

2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

Diplomatic representation in the US — telephone

[1] (202) 350-5400

Diplomatic representation in the US — FAX

[1] (202) 462-3726

Diplomatic representation in the US — email address and website

Info.washington@mne.pt https://washingtondc.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/

Diplomatic representation in the US — consulate(s) general

Boston, Newark (NJ), New York, San Francisco

Diplomatic representation in the US — consulate(s)

New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)

Diplomatic representation from the US — chief of mission

Ambassador John Joseph ARRIGO (since 30 September 2025)

Diplomatic representation from the US — embassy

Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisboa

Diplomatic representation from the US — mailing address

5320 Lisbon Place, Washington DC 20521-5320

Diplomatic representation from the US — telephone

[351] (21) 727-3300

Diplomatic representation from the US — FAX

[351] (21) 726-9109

Diplomatic representation from the US — email address and website

Conslisbon@state.gov https://pt.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation from the US — consulate(s)

Ponta Delgada (Azores)

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Independence

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished after 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

National holiday

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580)

Flag

Description: two vertical bands of green (left side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths), with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and national shield) centered on the dividing line meaning: explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation says that green symbolizes hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

National symbol(s)

Armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe for modeling objects in the sky)

National color(s)

Red, green

National anthem(s) — title

"A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)

National anthem(s) — lyrics/music

Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL

National anthem(s) — history

Adopted 1911; originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa

National heritage — total World Heritage Sites

17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)

National heritage — selected World Heritage Site locales

Historic Évora (c); Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores (c); Cultural Landscape of Sintra (c); Laurisilva of Madeira (n); Historic Guimarães (c); Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon (c); Convent of Christ in Tomar (c); Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde (c); University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia (c); Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga (c)

💹 Economy⬆️ Top

Economic overview

High-income EU and eurozone economy; strong services sector led by tourism and banking; tight labor market; growth driven by private consumption, trade surplus, and public investment from EU funds; declining public debt

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$448.226 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$439.745 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$428.547 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2024

1.9% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.6% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2022

7% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2024

$41,900 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2023

$41,600 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2022

$41,100 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$308.683 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.4% (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

4.3% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

7.8% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — agriculture

2% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — industry

18.4% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — services

66.4% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — household consumption

62% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — government consumption

16.8% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in fixed capital

20.1% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in inventories

0.4% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — exports of goods and services

47.5% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — imports of goods and services

-46.4% (2023 est.)

Agricultural products

Milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, pork, potatoes, chicken, apples, oranges (2023)

Industries

Textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics

Industrial production growth rate

1.2% (2024 est.)

Labor force

5.464 million (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2024

6.4% (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2023

6.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2022

6.1% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — total

21.2% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — male

21.6% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — female

20.7% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

16.4% (2021 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income — Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

36.3 (2022 est.)

Average household expenditures — on food

17.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Average household expenditures — on alcohol and tobacco

3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — lowest 10%

2.5% (2022 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — highest 10%

28.8% (2022 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2024

0.6% of GDP (2024 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2023

0.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2022

0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)

Budget — revenues

$112.802 billion (2023 est.)

Budget — expenditures

$109.044 billion (2023 est.)

Public debt — Public debt 2017

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

22.8% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2024

$6.708 billion (2024 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2023

$1.624 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2022

-$5.356 billion (2022 est.)

Exports — Exports 2024

$144.237 billion (2024 est.)

Exports — Exports 2023

$137.934 billion (2023 est.)

Exports — Exports 2022

$126.953 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners

Spain 21%, France 11%, Germany 10%, USA 8%, UK 5% (2023)

Exports - commodities

Cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, unpackaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023)

Imports — Imports 2024

$136.976 billion (2024 est.)

Imports — Imports 2023

$133.617 billion (2023 est.)

Imports — Imports 2022

$132.193 billion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners

Spain 33%, Germany 11%, France 7%, Netherlands 5%, China 5% (2023)

Imports - commodities

Cars, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, garments (2023)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$42.434 billion (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$35.243 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$32.232 billion (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Currency

Euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2022

0.95 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

⚡ Energy⬆️ Top

Electricity access — electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity — installed generating capacity

25.409 million kW (2023 est.)

Electricity — consumption

50.317 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — exports

3.422 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — imports

13.656 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — transmission/distribution losses

5.129 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — fossil fuels

25.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — solar

12.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — wind

29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — hydroelectricity

24.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — geothermal

0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — biomass and waste

7.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal — consumption

7,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — exports

1 metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — imports

6,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — proven reserves

3 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum — total petroleum production

8,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Petroleum — refined petroleum consumption

204,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Natural gas — consumption

4.325 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — imports

4.251 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita — Total energy consumption per capita 2023

73.285 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

📡 Communications⬆️ Top

Telephones - fixed lines — total subscriptions

5.505 million (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

53 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — total subscriptions

12.9 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

124 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

Radio e Televisao de Portugal, the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; roughly 40 domestic TV stations; widespread access to international broadcasters, with more than half of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and about 300 regional and local commercial radio stations

Internet country code

.pt

Internet users — percent of population

86% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — total

4.6 million (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

44 (2023 est.)

🚚 Transportation⬆️ Top

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

CR, CS

Airports

128 (2025)

Heliports

65 (2025)

Railways — total

2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified

Merchant marine — total

888 (2023)

Merchant marine — by type

Bulk carrier 110, container ship 299, general cargo 191, oil tanker 29, other 259

Ports — total ports

18 (2024)

Ports — large

3

Ports — medium

2

Ports — small

4

Ports — very small

9

Ports — ports with oil terminals

5

Ports — key ports

Aveiro, Funchal, Lagos, Lisboa, Sines

🛡️ Military and Security⬆️ Top

Military and security forces

Portuguese Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Portuguesa): Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps, aka Corpo de Fuzileiros or Corps of Fusiliers), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) Ministry of Internal Administration: Public Security Police (Polícia de Segurança Pública, PSP) , National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR) (2025)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2025

2% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2024

1.6% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2023

1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2022

1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2021

1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

Approximately 25,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

The military's inventory includes mostly European- and US-origin weapons systems along with smaller amounts of domestically produced equipment; Portugal's defense industry is noted for its shipbuilding (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service for men and women (upper age limit varies by military branch, position, role); no compulsory military service (abolished 2004) but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; contract service lasts for an initial period of 2-6 years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service; initial voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2025)

Military deployments

The Portuguese Armed Forces have more than 1,100 military personnel deployed around the world engaged in missions supporting the EU, NATO, the UN, and partner nations; key deployments include 225 troops in the Central African Republic under the UN and about 350 troops supporting NATO's forward presence in Lithuania and Romania; it also participates in NATO air policing and maritime patrolling operations (2025)

Military - note

The Portuguese military is responsible for external defense, humanitarian operations, and fulfilling Portugal’s commitments to European and international security; maritime security has long been a key component of the military's portfolio, and Portugal has one of the world's oldest navies Portugal was one of the original signers of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 establishing NATO, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of Portugal’s defense policy; Portugal is also a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy, and it regularly participates in a variety of EU and NATO, as well as UN deployments around the world; the military’s largest commitments include air, ground, and naval forces under NATO-led missions and standing task forces in the Baltics, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea; the military also participates in exercises with NATO partners (2025)

🛰️ Space⬆️ Top

Space agency/agencies

Portuguese Space Agency (Agência Espacial Portuguesa; aka Portugal Space; established 2019) (2025)

Space launch site(s)

In August 2025, Portugal granted a license to a commercial consortium to build and operate a space launch center on the island of Santa Maria in the Azores; the first orbital launches are expected in 2027 (2025)

Space program overview

Largely focuses on the acquisition and operation of satellites; researches and develops a range of space-related technologies with an emphasis on small satellites for remote sensing (RS), navigational, science/technology, and telecommunications, as well as satellite launch services; space program is integrated with the ESA and involved in a variety of ESA and EU space programs; works with the space agencies and industries of a range of countries, including Algeria, Angola, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Morocco, South Korea, and the US; also cooperates with international organizations and projects such as the Europe South Observatory and the Square Kilometer Array; one of the objectives of the country's national space strategy is to expand its commercial space sector (2025)

Key space-program milestones

1993 - first technology demonstrator microsatellite (PoSat-1) launched on a European rocket 2000 - joined the ESA 2020 - launched strategic plan for space development (Portugal Space 2030), which included building a spaceport, developing a reusable rocket/satellite launch vehicle, growing the country's domestic commercial space sector, and establishing an Earth observation/remote sensing satellite constellation 2024 - first Portuguese communications satellite (PoSat-2) launched by US as part of a planned constellation of 12 ocean-monitoring/maritime communication satellites 2026 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for responsible space exploration

🚨 Terrorism⬆️ Top

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

🌐 Transnational Issues⬆️ Top

Refugees and internally displaced persons — refugees

71,166 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — IDPs

21 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — stateless persons

31 (2024 est.)