Monaco

Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy

43 44 N, 7 24 E

Europe

2 sq km

2 sq km

0 sq km

About three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

6 km

France 6 km

4.1 km

12 nm

12 nm

Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Hilly, rugged, rocky

Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel 162 m

Mediterranean Sea 0 m

None

0% (2022 est.)

Arable land: 0% (2018 est.)

Permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

0% (2022 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

0 sq km (2022)

The second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)

None

Second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban

32,047 (2025 est.)

15,467

16,580

Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)

Monegasque or Monacan

Monegasque 32.1%, French 19.9%, Italian 15.3%, British 5%, Belgian 2.3%, Swiss 2%, German 1.9%, Russian 1.8%, American 1.1%, Dutch 1.1%, Moroccan 1%, other 16.6% (2016 est.)

French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%

9.1% (male 1,485/female 1,408)

53.8% (male 8,620/female 8,490)

37.1% (2024 est.) (male 5,261/female 6,549)

88.7 (2025 est.)

16.6 (2025 est.)

72.1 (2025 est.)

1.4 (2025 est.)

57.5 years (2025 est.)

55 years

58.4 years

0.76% (2025 est.)

6.46 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

11.36 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

12.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

The second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)

100% of total population (2023)

0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)

1.04 male(s)/female

1.05 male(s)/female

1.02 male(s)/female

0.8 male(s)/female

0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

1.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

2 deaths/1,000 live births

1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

89.8 years (2024 est.)

86 years

93.7 years

1.55 children born/woman (2025 est.)

0.76 (2025 est.)

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

3.7% of GDP (2021)

12% of national budget (2022 est.)

8.61 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

7.7% national budget (2023 est.)

21 years (2024 est.)

20 years (2024 est.)

22 years (2024 est.)

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

None of the selected agreements

Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

0% (2022 est.)

Arable land: 0% (2018 est.)

Permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

0% (2022 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

100% of total population (2023)

0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

9.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

46,000 tons (2024 est.)

5.4% (2012 est.)

10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

0 cubic meters (2017 est.)

0 cubic meters (2017 est.)

Principality of Monaco

Monaco

Principauté de Monaco

Monaco

Founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)

Constitutional monarchy

Monaco

43 44 N, 7 25 E

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)

No first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo

Civil law system influenced by French legal tradition

Previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962

Proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

No

The father must be a citizen of Monaco; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen and father unknown

No

10 years

18 years of age; universal

Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)

Minister of State Christophe MIRMAND (since 21 July 2025)

Council of Government under the authority of the monarch

The monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government

National Council (Conseil national)

Unicameral

24 (all directly elected)

Proportional representation

Full renewal

5 years

2/5/2023

Monegasque National Union - l’Union (24)

45.8%

February 2028

Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)

Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court

Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance

Monegasque National Union (includes Horizon Monaco, Primo!, Union Monegasque) Horizon Monaco Priorite Monaco or Primo! Union Monegasque

Ambassador Maguy MACCARIO DOYLE (since 3 December 2013)

888 17th Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20006

[1] (202) 234-1530

[1] (202) 244-7656

Info@monacodc.org https://monacodc.org/index.html

New York

US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US Ambassador to France, handles diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco; +(33)(1) 43-12-22-22, enter zero "0" after the automated greeting; US Embassy Paris, 2 Avenue Gabriel, 75008 Paris, France

CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)

National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)

Description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white history: uses the colors of the ruling House of Grimaldi; colors have been in use since 1339, making it one of the world's oldest national flags

Red and white lozenges (diamond shapes)

Red, white

"A Marcia de Muneghu" (The March of Monaco)

Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT

Music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as "Hymne Monegasque" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions

High-income European economy; non-EU euro user; considered a tax haven; tourism and banking are largest sectors; negatively impacted by COVID-19; major oceanographic museum; among most expensive real estate; major state-owned enterprises

$8.924 billion (2024 est.)

$8.749 billion (2023 est.)

$8.329 billion (2022 est.)

5% (2023 est.)

11% (2022 est.)

22.2% (2021 est.)

$270,100 (2024 est.)

$256,600 (2023 est.)

$226,100 (2022 est.)

$10.434 billion (2024 est.)

5.9% (2022 est.)

2.1% (2021 est.)

0.5% (2020 est.)

11.5% (2023 est.)

88.5% (2023 est.)

None

Banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Spain (2021)

Jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021)

Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany, China (2021)

Jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)

Euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.924 (2024 est.)

0.925 (2023 est.)

0.95 (2022 est.)

0.845 (2021 est.)

0.876 (2020 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

43,000 (2023 est.)

111 (2023 est.)

41,500 (2024 est.)

107 (2024 est.)

TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy, with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco

.mc

99% (2023 est.)

22,000 (2023 est.)

56 (2023 est.)

3A

3 (2025)

Note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco

1

1 (2024)

0

0

0

1

0

Monaco

No regular military forces; Prince’s Company of Carabiniers (Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince, Police Department (Direction de la Sûreté Publique), Fire and Emergency Service (Corps des Sapeurs-pompiers de Monaco) (2025)

By treaty, France is responsible for defending the independence and sovereignty of Monaco

17 (2024 est.)