Kyrgyzstan

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan

41 00 N, 75 00 E

Asia

199,951 sq km

191,801 sq km

8,150 sq km

Slightly smaller than South Dakota

4,573 km

China 1,063 km; Kazakhstan 1,212 km; Tajikistan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1,314 km

0 km (landlocked)

None (landlocked)

Dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

Peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country

Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m

Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m

2,988 m

Abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

54% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)

6.5% (2023 est.)

39.4% (2023 est.)

10,041 sq km (2022)

Ozero Issyk-Kul 6,240 sq km note - second largest saline lake after the Caspian Sea; second highest mountain lake after Lake Titicaca; it is an endorheic mountain basin; although surrounded by snow capped mountains it never freezes

Syr Darya river source (shared with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Tarim Basin (1,152,448 sq km), (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)

The vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains

Major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes

Landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes

6,219,751 (2025 est.)

3,043,940

3,175,811

Kyrgyzstani(s)

Kyrgyzstani

Kyrgyz 73.8%, Uzbek 14.8%, Russian 5.1%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.2% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2021 est.)

Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)

Дүйнөлүк фактылар китеби, негизги маалыматтын маанилүү булагы. (Kyrgyz) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.)

29.1% (male 922,086/female 873,245)

64% (male 1,935,200/female 2,013,733)

6.9% (2024 est.) (male 164,032/female 263,805)

56 (2025 est.)

44.6 (2025 est.)

11.4 (2025 est.)

8.8 (2025 est.)

28.6 years (2025 est.)

26.9 years

29.8 years

0.75% (2025 est.)

18.26 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

5.99 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-4.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

The vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains

37.8% of total population (2023)

2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023)

1.07 male(s)/female

1.06 male(s)/female

0.96 male(s)/female

0.62 male(s)/female

0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

22.6 years (2019 est.)

42 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

24 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

28.6 deaths/1,000 live births

20.2 deaths/1,000 live births

72.9 years (2024 est.)

68.9 years

77.2 years

2.43 children born/woman (2025 est.)

1.18 (2025 est.)

Urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 85.8% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 90.8% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 14.2% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 9.2% of population (2022 est.)

5.4% of GDP (2021)

7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)

1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

16.6% (2016)

4.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

3.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

26% (2025 est.)

50.7% (2025 est.)

3.1% (2025 est.)

2.9% (2023 est.)

57.4% (2023 est.)

0.3% (2018)

12.9% (2018)

6.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

19.6% national budget (2024 est.)

13 years (2024 est.)

12 years (2024 est.)

13 years (2024 est.)

Water pollution; increasing soil salinity from irrigation practices; air pollution due to vehicle traffic

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

None of the selected agreements

Dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

54% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)

6.5% (2023 est.)

39.4% (2023 est.)

37.8% of total population (2023)

2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

11.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

6.301 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

4.234 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

854,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

40.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

1.113 million tons (2024 est.)

14.6% (2022 est.)

224 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

336 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

7.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

23.618 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Kyrgyz Republic

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Respublikasy

Kyrgyzstan

Named for the local Kyrgyz people, with "-stan" coming from the Persian word ostan, meaning "country;" the Kyrgyz name may derive from the Turkic root words kir, or "steppe," and gismek, "to wander;" the name is traditionally said to come from a combination of the Turkic words kyrg (forty) and -is (hundred), based on a tale about two tribes and the number of their tents

Parliamentary republic

Bishkek

42 52 N, 74 36 E

UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

The meaning of the name is unknown; the city was founded in 1862 as a Russian settlement on the site of an Uzbek fortress named Bishkek; the Russian version of the name was Pishpek, and the original name only came back into use in 1991

7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol)

Civil law system that includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws

Previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in 2021

Proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

No

At least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan

Yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force

5 years

18 years of age; universal

President Sadyr JAPAROV (since 28 January 2021)

Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Adylbek KASYMALIYEV (since 18 December 2024)

Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president

President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term)

10 January 2021

2021: Sadyr JAPAROV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sadyr JAPAROV (Mekenchil) 79.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.8%, other 14% 2017: Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected president; Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan) 54.7%, Omurbek BABANOV (independent) 33.8%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.6%, other 4.9%

2027

Supreme Council (Jogorku Kenesh)

Unicameral

90 (all directly elected)

Other systems

Full renewal

5 years

11/30/2025

Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Fatherland) (15); Ishenim (Trust) (12); Yntymak (Harmony) (9); Alyans (Alliance) (7); Butun Kyrgyzstan (United) (6); Yiman Nuru (Ray of Faith) (5); Independents (34)

22.2%

November 2030

Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges)

Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts

Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts

Afghan's Party Alliance Cohesion Fatherland Kyrgyzstan Ishenim Light of Faith Mekenchil Social Democrats or SDK United Kyrgyzstan

Ambassador Aibek MOLDOGAZIEV (since 11 June 2025)

2360 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

[1] (202) 449-9822

[1] (202) 449-8275

Kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)

Ambassador Lesslie VIGUERIE (since 29 December 2022)

171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016

7040 Bishkek Place, Washington DC 20521-7040

[996] (312) 597-000

[996] (312) 597-744

ConsularBishkek@state.gov https://kg.usembassy.gov/

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Independence Day, 31 August (1991)

Description: red field with a yellow sun in the center that has 40 rays that run counterclockwise on the front of the flag and clockwise on the reverse; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines in a stylized representation of a tunduk, the circular opening at the top of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt meaning: the sun's rays represent the Kyrgyz tribes; red stands for bravery and valor, and the sun for peace and wealth

White falcon

Red, yellow

Adopted in 1992, the coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan highlights two of its best-known geographic features, Issyk-Kul Lake and the Tien Shan mountain range; the falcon, the national symbol, stands for nobleness and purity, and light blue for courage and generosity; the word “Kyrgyz” appears at the top of the emblem, and “Republic” at the bottom; the wheat, cotton, and rising sun were symbols used during the Soviet era

"Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)

Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV

Adopted 1992

3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)

Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain (c); Silk Roads: the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor (c); Western Tien Shan (n)

Landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and political turmoil hurt GDP, limited public revenues, and increased spending

$50.907 billion (2024 est.)

$46.686 billion (2023 est.)

$42.826 billion (2022 est.)

9% (2024 est.)

9% (2023 est.)

9% (2022 est.)

$7,000 (2024 est.)

$6,600 (2023 est.)

$6,100 (2022 est.)

$17.478 billion (2024 est.)

10.8% (2023 est.)

13.9% (2022 est.)

11.9% (2021 est.)

8.6% (2024 est.)

24.7% (2024 est.)

52.1% (2024 est.)

88.3% (2023 est.)

16% (2023 est.)

22% (2023 est.)

12.5% (2023 est.)

36.9% (2023 est.)

-95.5% (2023 est.)

Milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023)

Small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

9.4% (2024 est.)

3.197 million (2024 est.)

3.3% (2024 est.)

4% (2023 est.)

4.1% (2022 est.)

6.8% (2024 est.)

6.3% (2024 est.)

7.7% (2024 est.)

33.3% (2021 est.)

26.4 (2022 est.)

4.4% (2022 est.)

22% (2022 est.)

18.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

26.6% of GDP (2022 est.)

32.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

$4.84 billion (2023 est.)

$4.452 billion (2023 est.)

40.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

19.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

-$5.18 billion (2022 est.)

-$737.696 million (2021 est.)

$374.257 million (2020 est.)

$3.628 billion (2022 est.)

$3.292 billion (2021 est.)

$2.435 billion (2020 est.)

Switzerland 30%, Russia 19%, Kazakhstan 14%, UAE 10%, Turkey 8% (2023)

Gold, coal, precious metal ore, refined petroleum, garments (2023)

$10.655 billion (2022 est.)

$5.928 billion (2021 est.)

$4.051 billion (2020 est.)

China 44%, Russia 12%, Kazakhstan 6%, Turkey 6%, Uzbekistan 4% (2023)

Cars, garments, refined petroleum, fabric, footwear (2023)

$5.089 billion (2024 est.)

$3.237 billion (2023 est.)

$2.799 billion (2022 est.)

$3.617 billion (2023 est.)

Soms (KGS) per US dollar -

87.15 (2024 est.)

87.856 (2023 est.)

84.116 (2022 est.)

84.641 (2021 est.)

77.346 (2020 est.)

99.7% (2022 est.)

100%

99.6%

3.944 million kW (2023 est.)

14.872 billion kWh (2023 est.)

428.01 million kWh (2023 est.)

3.929 billion kWh (2023 est.)

2.363 billion kWh (2023 est.)

14.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

85.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

3.685 million metric tons (2023 est.)

4.212 million metric tons (2023 est.)

1.672 million metric tons (2023 est.)

1.443 million metric tons (2023 est.)

28.499 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

31,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

40 million barrels (2021 est.)

28.638 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

435.336 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

406.698 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

5.663 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

27.58 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

185,000 (2023 est.)

3 (2023 est.)

7.72 million (2024 est.)

107 (2024 est.)

State-funded public TV broadcaster NTRK operates Ala-Too 24 news channel and 4 other educational, cultural, and sports channels; ELTR is a state-owned TV station; the switchover to digital TV in 2017 resulted in private TV station growth; approximately 20 TV stations are struggling to increase Kyrgyz-language content to 60% of airtime, as required by law, instead of rebroadcasting programs from Russian channels or airing unlicensed movies and music; several Russian TV stations also broadcast; state-funded radio stations and about 10 significant private radio stations (2023)

.kg

89% (2023 est.)

456,000 (2023 est.)

6 (2023 est.)

EX

28 (2025)

1 (2025)

424 km (2022)

424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge

Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic: Land Forces (Kygyz Army), Air Defense Forces (Kyrgyz Air Force), National Guard of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Service State Committee for National Security: Border Guard Service (2025)

3% of GDP (2024 est.)

3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

3% of GDP (2022 est.)

2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Limited available information; estimated 10-15,000 active Armed Forces, including the National Guard (2025)

The Kyrgyz military inventory is comprised almost entirely of Russian and Soviet-era weapons and equipment; in recent years, the military has acquired small amounts of armaments from other suppliers such as Türkiye, which provided unmanned aerial vehicles/drones (2025)

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary service for men in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 12-month service obligation (9 months for university graduates), with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2025)

The Kyrgyz military’s primary responsibility is defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, although it also has some internal security duties; the military also participates in UN and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) peacekeeping missions, as well as bilateral and multinational exercises; particular issues of concern include border security and terrorism; the military’s closest security partner is Russia, which provides training and material assistance, and maintains a presence in the country, including an airbase; the military also conducts training with other regional countries such as India, traditionally with a focus on counterterrorism Kyrgyzstan has been a member of CSTO since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; it also started a relationship with NATO in 1992 and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace program in 1994 (2025)

US-designated foreign terrorist groups such as the Islamic Jihad Union, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan Province have operated in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods

25,413 (2024 est.)

12 (2024 est.)

925 (2024 est.)

Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Kyrgyzstan remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/kyrgyz-republic/