Egypt

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula

27 00 N, 30 00 E

Africa

1,001,450 sq km

995,450 sq km

6,000 sq km

More than eight times the size of Ohio; slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

2,612 km

Gaza Strip 13 km; Israel 208 km; Libya 1,115 km; Sudan 1,276 km

2,450 km

12 nm

24 nm

200 nm or the equidistant median line with Cyprus

200 nm

Desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

Vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta

Mount Catherine 2,629 m

Qattara Depression -133 m

321 m

Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc

4.1% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 3.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

0% (2023 est.)

95.9% (2023 est.)

36,500 sq km (2012)

Lake Manzala - 1,360 sq km note - largest of Nile Delta lakes

An Nīl (Nile) river mouth (shared with Rwanda [s], Tanzania, Uganda, South Sudan, and Sudan) - 6,650 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

(Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)

Nubian Aquifer System

Approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km (12 mi) of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited, as shown in this population distribution map

Periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms

Controls Sinai Peninsula, the only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

112,870,457 (2025 est.)

57,960,635

54,909,822

Egyptian(s)

Egyptian

Egyptian 99.7%, other 0.3% (2006 est.)

Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes

كتاب حقائق العالم، أفضل مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%

33.8% (male 19,349,395/female 18,243,571)

60.6% (male 34,646,369/female 32,792,151)

5.6% (2024 est.) (male 3,146,720/female 3,069,042)

63.7 (2025 est.)

54.2 (2025 est.)

9.5 (2025 est.)

10.5 (2025 est.)

24.6 years (2025 est.)

24.3 years

24.4 years

1.4% (2025 est.)

18.63 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

4.33 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km (12 mi) of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited, as shown in this population distribution map

43.1% of total population (2023)

1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

22.183 million CAIRO (capital), 5.588 million Alexandria, 778,000 Bur Sa'id (2023)

1.06 male(s)/female

1.06 male(s)/female

1.06 male(s)/female

1.03 male(s)/female

1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

22.6 years (2014 est.)

17 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

16.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

17.8 deaths/1,000 live births

15.9 deaths/1,000 live births

75 years (2024 est.)

73.8 years

76.2 years

2.53 children born/woman (2025 est.)

1.23 (2025 est.)

Urban: 99.3% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0.7% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)

4.6% of GDP (2021)

7.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.67 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

1.1 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 98.5% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 1.5% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)

32% (2016)

0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

25.8% (2025 est.)

51% (2025 est.)

0.3% (2025 est.)

3.7% (2021 est.)

65.6% (2021 est.)

1.8% (2021)

15.8% (2021)

3.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

12% national budget (2015 est.)

79.5% (2022 est.)

85.3% (2022 est.)

73.3% (2022 est.)

13 years (2023 est.)

13 years (2023 est.)

13 years (2023 est.)

Rapid growth in population straining natural resources; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution in coastal ecosystems; water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Nile

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban

Desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

4.1% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 3.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

0% (2023 est.)

95.9% (2023 est.)

43.1% of total population (2023)

1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

236.618 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

6.966 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

114.507 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

115.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

66.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

690.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)

548.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)

874 kt (2019-2021 est.)

9.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)

21 million tons (2024 est.)

26.6% (2022 est.)

10.75 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

5.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

61.35 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

57.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Arab Republic of Egypt

Egypt

Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

Misr

United Arab Republic (short-lived unification with Syria)

The English name Egypt derives from the ancient Greek name for the country, "Aguptos," and the ancient Roman name, "Aegyptus," with the Greek form coming from the words aia gupos, or "land of the vulture;" the Arabic name for the country, Misr, can be traced to the Assyrian word misir, meaning "fort"

Presidential republic

Cairo

30 03 N, 31 15 E

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

+1hr, begins last Friday in April; ends last Friday in October

The ancient Egyptian name of the original city was Khere-ohe or Kheri-aha; the modern city's name may also derive from the Arabic al-qahir, meaning "the victorious;" this is an Arabic name for the planet Mars, which was in the ascendant on the day in 969 A.D. when construction on the new part of the city began

27 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Suhaj

Mixed system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; Supreme Constitutional Court reviews laws

Several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 January 2014

Proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment "brings more guarantees"

Accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

No

If the father was born in Egypt

Only with prior permission from the government

10 years

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

President Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (since 8 June 2014)

Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)

Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives

President elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives

10-12 December 2023

2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9% 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid

2029

Bicameral

House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwab)

596 (568 directly elected; 28 appointed)

Mixed system

Full renewal

5 years

10/24/2020 to 12/8/2020

Future of the Nation (Mostakbal Watan) (317); Republican People's party (El Shaab el Gomhory) (49); Independents (117); Other (109)

27.7%

November 2025

Senate (Majlis Al-Shiyoukh)

300 (200 directly elected; 100 appointed)

Mixed system

Full renewal

5 years

8/4/2025 to 8/28/2025

Future of the Nation (Mostakbal Watan) (148); Republican People's party (17); Independents (88); Other (47)

10.7%

July 2030

Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) (consists of the court president and 10 justices); the SCC serves as the final court of arbitration on the constitutionality of laws and conflicts between lower courts regarding jurisdiction and rulings; Court of Cassation (CC) (consists of the court president and 550 judges organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the CC is the highest appeals body for civil and criminal cases, also known as "ordinary justices"; Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) (consists of the court president and NA judges and organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the SAC is the highest court of the State Council

Under the 2014 constitution, all judges and justices selected and appointed by the Supreme Judiciary Council and approved as a formality by the president of the Republic; judges appointed for life; under the 2019 amendments, the president has the power to appoint heads of judiciary authorities and courts, the prosecutor general, and the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court

Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; courts of limited jurisdiction; Family Court (established in 2004)

Al-Nour Arab Democratic Nasserist Party Congress Party Conservative Party Democratic Peace Party Egyptian National Movement Party Egyptian Social Democratic Party El Ghad Party El Serh El Masry el Hor Eradet Geel Party Free Egyptians Party Freedom Party Justice Party Homeland’s Protector Party Modern Egypt Party My Homeland Egypt Party Nation's Future Party (Mostaqbal Watan) National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party Reform and Development Party Republican People’s Party Revolutionary Guards Party Wafd Party

Ambassador Motaz Mounir ZAHRAN (since 17 September 2020)

3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

[1] (202) 895-5400

(202) 244-4319

Embassy@egyptembassy.net https://www.egyptembassy.net/

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York

Ambassador Herro MUSTAFA GARG (since 15 November 2023)

5 Tawfik Diab St., Garden City, Cairo

7700 Cairo Place, Washington DC 20512-7700

[20-2] 2797-3300

[20-2] 2797-3200

ConsularCairoACS@state.gov https://eg.usembassy.gov/

Alexandria

ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BRICS, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the military-led revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956)

Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)

Description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; centered in the white band is the national emblem, a gold Eagle of Saladin; it faces the left side, with a shield on its chest, above a scroll with the country's name in Arabic meaning: the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black) overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)

Golden eagle, white lotus

Red, white, black

Adopted in 1984, the coat of arms features the national symbol, the Eagle of Saladin; the eagle holds a golden scroll with the name of the country, “Gumhuriyet Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah” (Arab Republic of Egypt), in Arabic script; the shield on the eagle’s chest shows the national colors of red, white, and black

"Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland)

Younis-al QADI/Sayed DARWISH

Adopted 1979; the current anthem was written after the 1979 peace treaty with Israel; the composer is considered the father of modern Egyptian music; of the three verses, only the first verse is sung, preceded and followed by the chorus

7 (6 cultural, 1 natural)

Memphis and its Necropolis (c); Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis (c); Nubian Monuments (c); Saint Catherine Area (c); Abu Mena (c); Historic Cairo (c); Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) (n)

Africa’s second-largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor labor force participation; expanded credit access

$1.958 trillion (2024 est.)

$1.912 trillion (2023 est.)

$1.842 trillion (2022 est.)

2.4% (2024 est.)

3.8% (2023 est.)

6.6% (2022 est.)

$16,800 (2024 est.)

$16,700 (2023 est.)

$16,400 (2022 est.)

$389.06 billion (2024 est.)

28.3% (2024 est.)

33.9% (2023 est.)

13.9% (2022 est.)

13.7% (2024 est.)

32.6% (2024 est.)

48.9% (2024 est.)

87.6% (2024 est.)

6.3% (2024 est.)

11.7% (2024 est.)

1.3% (2024 est.)

16.4% (2024 est.)

-23.2% (2024 est.)

Sugarcane, sugar beets, wheat, maize, potatoes, tomatoes, rice, milk, onions, oranges (2023)

Textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures

-1.9% (2024 est.)

33.749 million (2024 est.)

7.2% (2024 est.)

7.4% (2023 est.)

7.4% (2022 est.)

18.7% (2024 est.)

12.4% (2024 est.)

47.1% (2024 est.)

29.7% (2019 est.)

28.5 (2021 est.)

36.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

4.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

4.2% (2021 est.)

24.6% (2021 est.)

4.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

5.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

7.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

$69.999 billion (2015 est.)

$96.057 billion (2015 est.)

103% of GDP (2017 est.)

12.5% (of GDP) (2015 est.)

-$12.564 billion (2023 est.)

-$10.537 billion (2022 est.)

-$18.611 billion (2021 est.)

$68.218 billion (2023 est.)

$76.295 billion (2022 est.)

$58.339 billion (2021 est.)

Saudi Arabia 10%, Turkey 9%, Italy 6%, USA 5%, UAE 5% (2023)

Refined petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers, garments, crude petroleum (2023)

$82.265 billion (2023 est.)

$97.144 billion (2022 est.)

$94.039 billion (2021 est.)

China 16%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Russia 6%, USA 6%, Germany 5% (2023)

Refined petroleum, wheat, plastics, natural gas, packaged medicine (2023)

$44.921 billion (2024 est.)

$33.07 billion (2023 est.)

$32.144 billion (2022 est.)

$117.272 billion (2023 est.)

Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -

45.299 (2024 est.)

30.626 (2023 est.)

19.16 (2022 est.)

15.645 (2021 est.)

15.759 (2020 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

59.68 million kW (2023 est.)

162.026 billion kWh (2023 est.)

1.785 billion kWh (2023 est.)

187 million kWh (2023 est.)

45.67 billion kWh (2023 est.)

87.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

2.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

4 (2025)

69,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

3.262 million metric tons (2023 est.)

68,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

3.263 million metric tons (2023 est.)

182 million metric tons (2023 est.)

667,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

830,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

3.3 billion barrels (2021 est.)

57.181 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

58.695 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

5.344 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

9.126 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

1.784 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

34.975 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

13.3 million (2024 est.)

11 (2024 est.)

113 million (2024 est.)

97 (2024 est.)

Mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks, as well as a few satellite channels; dozens of private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available for free; some limited satellite services are also available via subscription; state-run radio operates about 30 stations belonging to 8 networks; privately-owned radio includes 8 major stations (2019)

.eg

73% (2023 est.)

13.6 million (2023 est.)

12 (2023 est.)

SU

73 (2025)

60 (2025)

5,085 km (2014)

5,085 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified)

441 (2023)

Bulk carrier 14, container ship 6, general cargo 23, oil tanker 42, other 356

31 (2024)

5

1

8

16

1

17

Ain Sukhna Terminal, Al Iskandariyh (Alexandria), As Suways, Bur Sa'id, Damietta, Ras Shukhier

Egyptian Armed Forces (EAF): Army (includes Republican Guard), Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Border Guard Forces Interior Ministry: Public Security Sector Police, the Central Security Force, National Security Agency (2025)

0.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

1% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Estimated 450,000 active Armed Forces (2025)

The EAF's inventory is comprised of a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern, typically Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the EAF has embarked on an equipment modernization program with purchases from foreign suppliers, including China, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, UAE, the UK, and the US; Egypt's defense industry produces a range of products from small arms to armored vehicles and naval vessels; it also has licensed and co-production agreements with several countries, including Germany and the US (2025)

Voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 for men and 17 for women; 18-30 years of age for compulsory service for men; service obligation 14-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; active service length depends on education; high school drop-outs serve for the full 36 months, while college graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education level (2025)

775 (plus nearly 200 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,100 Somalia (AUSSOM); also has about 200 police deployed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo under MONUSCO (2025)

The Egyptian Armed Forces (EAF) are responsible for external defense but also have an internal role assisting police and paramilitary security forces during emergencies and in anti-terrorism operations; the EAF also participates in foreign peacekeeping and other security missions, as well as both bilateral and multinational exercises; the military has considerable political power and independence; it has long had a crucial role in Egypt’s politics and has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, gas stations, shipping lines, and utilities, and producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing key areas of concern for the EAF include Islamist militant groups operating out of the Sinai Peninsula, regional challenges such as ongoing conflicts and instability, and maritime security; since 2011, the EAF has been conducting operations alongside other security forces in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); over the past decade, it has deployed additional units along the border with Libya, provided air support to the Saudi-led coalition's intervention in Yemen, and most recently boosted its presence on the border with Gaza in response to the HAMAS-Israel conflict; the Navy in recent years has sought to modernize and expand its capabilities and profile in the Eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea, including the acquisition of helicopter carriers, modern frigates, and attack submarines, as well as the establishment of a joint service military base on the Red Sea the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between Egypt and Israel; it has about 1,150 troops from 13 countries; Colombia, Fiji, and the US are the leading providers of troops to the MFO (2025)

Egyptian Space Agency (EgSA; established 2019); National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS; formed in 1994 from the Remote Sensing Center, which was established in 1971) (2025)

Has a growing space program and seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing and support infrastructure; acquiring other space-related technologies through transfers and domestic development, including in communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; works with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the ESA and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group; has an active commercial space sector (2025)

1960 - initiated a space program 1998 - first communications satellite (NileSat-101) built in Europe and launched on a European rocket (first African country to have its own communications satellite) 2007 - first remote sensing (RS) satellite (Egypsat-1) built and launched by Russia 2019 - first domestically produced RS cube satellites (NARSSCube-1 and 2) released from International Space Station; signed agreement with China for construction of satellite assembly, integrating, and testing facilities 2020 - announced a 10-year national space program, including initiating an astronaut training program and jointly developing with several African countries an RS satellite for monitoring climate changes 2022 - inaugurated a “space city” containing a satellite manufacturing facility, a research center, a space academy, and the headquarters of the African Space Agency (AfSA; inaugurated 2025); latest NileSat-series (NileSat-301) communications satellite acquired from Europe and launched by the US 2023 - three RS satellites (Horus-1, Horus-2, and MisrSat-2) built jointly with and launched by China; joined the China-led International Lunar Research Station project 2024 - experimental RS satellite (Nexsat-1) jointly developed with a European commercial company and launched by China

Army of Islam; Harakat Sawa'd Misr (HASM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province (ISIS-SP); al-Qa’ida

876,962 (2024 est.)

5 (2024 est.)