Czechia Facts, Map, Population, GDP

Capital

Prague

Population

10,838,703 (2025 est.)

Area

78,867 sq km

Location

Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

🧭 Background

At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.

🗺️ Geography

Location

Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

Geographic coordinates

49 45 N, 15 30 E

Map references

Europe

Area — total

78,867 sq km

Area — land

77,247 sq km

Area — water

1,620 sq km

Area - comparative

About two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

Land boundaries — total

2,046 km

Land boundaries — border countries

Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims

None (landlocked)

Climate

Temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Terrain

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Elevation — highest point

Snezka 1,602 m

Elevation — lowest point

Labe (Elbe) River 115 m

Elevation — mean elevation

433 m

Natural resources

Hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land

Land use — agricultural land

45.8% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

38.2% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

16% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

220 sq km (2022)

Major rivers (by length in km)

Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km) — Atlantic Ocean drainage

(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Population distribution

A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Natural hazards

Flooding

Geography - note

Note 1: landlocked; strategically located on some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep

👥 People and Society⬆️ Top

Population — total

10,838,703 (2025 est.)

Population — male

5,337,128

Population — female

5,501,575

Nationality — noun

Czech(s)

Nationality — adjective

Czech

Ethnic groups

Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)

Languages — Languages

Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)

Languages — major-language sample(s)

World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)

Age structure — 0-14 years

15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896)

Age structure — 15-64 years

63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127)

Age structure — 65 years and over

20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)

Dependency ratios — total dependency ratio

56.5 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — youth dependency ratio

24.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — elderly dependency ratio

32.2 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — potential support ratio

3.1 (2025 est.)

Median age — total

44.4 years (2025 est.)

Median age — male

42.7 years

Median age — female

45.7 years

Population growth rate

-0.02% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

9.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

11.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Urbanization — urban population

74.6% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio — at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 15-64 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 65 years and over

0.71 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — total population

0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.5 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate — total

2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate — male

2.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate — female

2.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth — total population

78.6 years (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth — male

75.6 years

Life expectancy at birth — female

81.8 years

Total fertility rate

1.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.84 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: urban

Urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: rural

Rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: total

Total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: total

Total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

9.5% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

4.35 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Hospital bed density

6.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: urban

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: rural

Rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: total

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: total

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita — total

12.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — beer

6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — wine

2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — spirits

3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use — total

26.8% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — male

30.8% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — female

23% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.7% (2021 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% national budget)

10% national budget (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — total

17 years (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — male

16 years (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — female

18 years (2022 est.)

🌿 Environment⬆️ Top

Environmental issues

Air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava; pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture

International environmental agreements — party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

International environmental agreements — signed, but not ratified

None of the selected agreements

Climate

Temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Land use — agricultural land

45.8% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

38.2% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

16% (2023 est.)

Urbanization — urban population

74.6% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — total emissions

79.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from coal and metallurgical coke

41.667 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from petroleum and other liquids

25.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from consumed natural gas

12.527 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling — municipal solid waste generated annually

5.335 million tons (2024 est.)

Waste and recycling — percent of municipal solid waste recycled

37.3% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — municipal

626 million cubic meters (2022)

Total water withdrawal — industrial

776 million cubic meters (2022)

Total water withdrawal — agricultural

44 million cubic meters (2022)

Total renewable water resources

13.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks — total global geoparks and regional networks

1

Geoparks — global geoparks and regional networks

Bohemian Paradise (2023)

🏛️ Government⬆️ Top

Country name — conventional long form

Czech Republic

Country name — conventional short form

Czechia

Country name — local long form

Ceska republika

Country name — local short form

Cesko

Country name — etymology

Name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief

Government type

Parliamentary republic

Capital — name

Prague

Capital — geographic coordinates

50 05 N, 14 28 E

Capital — time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Capital — daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Capital — etymology

The name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning

Administrative divisions

13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)

Legal system

New civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory

Constitution — history

Previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993

Constitution — amendment process

Passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament

International law organization participation

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship — citizenship by birth

No

Citizenship — citizenship by descent only

At least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia

Citizenship — dual citizenship recognized

No

Citizenship — residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch — chief of state

President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023)

Executive branch — head of government

Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025)

Executive branch — cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

Executive branch — election/appointment process

President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term

Executive branch — most recent election date

13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023

Executive branch — election results

2023: Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35%, Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6% 2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%

Executive branch — expected date of next election

By January 2028

Legislative branch — legislature name

Parliament (Parlament)

Legislative branch — legislative structure

Bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber — chamber name

Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecka Snemovna)

Legislative branch - lower chamber — number of seats

200 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch - lower chamber — electoral system

Proportional representation

Legislative branch - lower chamber — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch - lower chamber — term in office

4 years

Legislative branch - lower chamber — most recent election date

10/3/2025 to 10/4/2025

Legislative branch - lower chamber — parties elected and seats per party

ANO (80); SPOLU (52); Mayors and independents (STAN) (22); Czech Pirate Party (18); Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) (15); Motoristé sobě (AUTO) (13)

Legislative branch - lower chamber — percentage of women in chamber

33.5%

Legislative branch - lower chamber — expected date of next election

October 2029

Legislative branch - upper chamber — chamber name

Senate (Senat)

Legislative branch - upper chamber — number of seats

81 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch - upper chamber — electoral system

Plurality/majority

Legislative branch - upper chamber — scope of elections

Partial renewal

Legislative branch - upper chamber — term in office

6 years

Legislative branch - upper chamber — most recent election date

9/20/2024 to 9/28/2024

Legislative branch - upper chamber — parties elected and seats per party

Civic Democratic Party (ODS) (8); Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU - CSL) (7); TOP 09 (3); ANO 2011 (3); Independents (2); Other (4)

Legislative branch - upper chamber — percentage of women in chamber

21.3%

Legislative branch - upper chamber — expected date of next election

September 2026

Judicial branch — highest court(s)

Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)

Judicial branch — judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms

Judicial branch — subordinate courts

High Court; regional and district courts

Political parties

Action of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO (Akce nespokojených občanů) Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-ČSL Civic Democratic Party or ODS Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSČM Czech Pirate Party or Piráti ForMOST or ProMOST Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD Independents or NEZ Mayors and Independents or STAN Mayors for the Liberec Region or SLK Přísaha Senator 21 or SEN 21 Social Democracy SOCDEM Svobodni Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 Tábor 2020 or T2020 United Democrats - Association of Independents or SD-SN

Diplomatic representation in the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Miloslav STAŠEK (since 16 September 2022)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chancery

3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803

Diplomatic representation in the US — telephone

[1] (202) 274-9100

Diplomatic representation in the US — FAX

[1] (202) 966-8540

Diplomatic representation in the US — email address and website

Washington@embassy.mzv.cz https://www.mzv.cz/washington/

Diplomatic representation in the US — consulate(s) general

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Nicholas MERRICK (since 23 October 2025)

Diplomatic representation from the US — embassy

Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana

Diplomatic representation from the US — mailing address

5630 Prague Place, Washington DC 20521-5630

Diplomatic representation from the US — telephone

[420] 257-022-000

Diplomatic representation from the US — FAX

[420] 257-022-809

Diplomatic representation from the US — email address and website

ACSPrg@state.gov https://cz.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Independence

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

National holiday

Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)

Flag

Description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side

National symbol(s)

Silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion

National color(s)

White, red, blue

National anthem(s) — title

"Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?)

National anthem(s) — lyrics/music

Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP

National anthem(s) — history

Adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993

National heritage — total World Heritage Sites

17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)

National heritage — selected World Heritage Site locales

Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)

💹 Economy⬆️ Top

Economic overview

High-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$521.928 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$516.145 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$516.431 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2024

1.1% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2023

-0.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2022

2.8% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2024

$48,000 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2023

$47,500 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2022

$48,400 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$345.037 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.4% (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

10.7% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

15.1% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — agriculture

1.5% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — industry

30.2% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — services

59.5% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — household consumption

44% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — government consumption

19.7% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in fixed capital

27.3% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in inventories

0.7% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — exports of goods and services

69% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — imports of goods and services

-64% (2023 est.)

Agricultural products

Wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023)

Industries

Motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

Industrial production growth rate

-1% (2024 est.)

Labor force

5.541 million (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2024

2.6% (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2023

2.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2022

2.3% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — total

8.4% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — male

8.2% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — female

8.6% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

10.2% (2021 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income — Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

25.9 (2022 est.)

Average household expenditures — on food

15.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Average household expenditures — on alcohol and tobacco

7.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — lowest 10%

3.8% (2022 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — highest 10%

21.8% (2022 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2024

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2023

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2022

1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

Budget — revenues

$94.01 billion (2022 est.)

Budget — expenditures

$106.07 billion (2022 est.)

Public debt — Public debt 2016

36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

12.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2024

$6.047 billion (2024 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2023

-$432.727 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2022

-$13.644 billion (2022 est.)

Exports — Exports 2024

$239.259 billion (2024 est.)

Exports — Exports 2023

$236.103 billion (2023 est.)

Exports — Exports 2022

$219.419 billion (2022 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 29%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5%, UK 5% (2023)

Exports - commodities

Cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023)

Imports — Imports 2024

$216.741 billion (2024 est.)

Imports — Imports 2023

$219.09 billion (2023 est.)

Imports — Imports 2022

$216.042 billion (2022 est.)

Imports - partners

Germany 22%, China 17%, Poland 8%, Slovakia 5%, Italy 4% (2023)

Imports - commodities

Broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$146.281 billion (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$148.379 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold — Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$139.981 billion (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Currency

Koruny (CZK) per US dollar -

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2024

23.217 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2023

22.198 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2022

23.357 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2021

21.678 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2020

23.21 (2020 est.)

⚡ Energy⬆️ Top

Electricity access — electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity — installed generating capacity

21.802 million kW (2023 est.)

Electricity — consumption

63.628 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — exports

22.648 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — imports

13.465 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — transmission/distribution losses

3.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — fossil fuels

45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — nuclear

40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — solar

4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — wind

0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — hydroelectricity

2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — biomass and waste

7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy — Number of operational nuclear reactors

6 (2025)

Nuclear energy — Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors

3.96GW (2025 est.)

Nuclear energy — Percent of total electricity production

40% (2023 est.)

Coal — production

31.946 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — consumption

33.239 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — exports

2.128 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — imports

4.09 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — proven reserves

3.595 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum — total petroleum production

4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Petroleum — refined petroleum consumption

219,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Petroleum — crude oil estimated reserves

15 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas — production

163.333 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — consumption

6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — imports

6.812 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — proven reserves

3.964 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita — Total energy consumption per capita 2023

136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

📡 Communications⬆️ Top

Telephones - fixed lines — total subscriptions

1.16 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

11 (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — total subscriptions

13.6 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

127 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

22 national TV stations, with 17 privately owned; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; over 350 TV channels, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters operate over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly owned broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partly financed through a license fee (2019)

Internet country code

.cz

Internet users — percent of population

86% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — total

4.1 million (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

38 (2023 est.)

🚚 Transportation⬆️ Top

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

OK

Airports

252 (2025)

Heliports

107 (2025)

Railways — total

9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified

🛡️ Military and Security⬆️ Top

Military and security forces

Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Force, Special Forces (2025)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2025

2% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2024

2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2023

1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2022

1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2021

1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

Approximately 28,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

The Czech military has a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more recently acquired modern weapons and equipment from such suppliers as France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the US; its domestic defense industry produces such items as armored combat vehicles and light attack aircraft (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2025)

Military deployments

Up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)

Military - note

The Czech military is responsible for national and territorial defense, assisting civil authorities during natural disasters or other emergencies, boosting border security alongside the police, participating in international peacekeeping operations, and supporting its collective security commitments to the EU and NATO, both of which Czechia considers pillars of its national security strategy; Czechia is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, contributes to UN peacekeeping operations, and actively participates in EU military and security missions under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; the Czech military has been an active member of NATO since the country joined in 2009 and participates in a variety of NATO’s collective defense missions, including contributing to the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, Baltic Air Policing operations, rapid response forces, and operations in Kosovo; it also exercises regularly with NATO partners and maintains close bilateral ties to a number of militaries particularly partner members of the Visegrad Group (Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and Germany the military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia’s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)

🌐 Transnational Issues⬆️ Top

Refugees and internally displaced persons — refugees

392,198 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — IDPs

5 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — stateless persons

588 (2024 est.)