Andorra Facts, Map, Population, GDP

Capital

Andorra la Vella

Population

85,370 (2024 est.)

Area

468 sq km

Location

Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain

🧭 Background

The landlocked Principality of Andorra -- one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders -- is the last independent survivor of the Hispanic March states created by Frankish King Charlemagne in 795 after he halted the Moorish invasion of Spain. The March states were a series of buffer states to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Andorra's winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping attract approximately 8 million people each year. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of the effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment and engaged in other reforms, such as tax initiatives aimed at supporting broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements, and Andorra uses the euro as its national currency.

🗺️ Geography

Location

Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain

Geographic coordinates

42 30 N, 1 30 E

Map references

Europe

Area — total

468 sq km

Area — land

468 sq km

Area — water

0 sq km

Area - comparative

2.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries — total

118 km

Land boundaries — border countries

France 55 km; Spain 63 km

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims

None (landlocked)

Climate

Temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Terrain

Rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Elevation — highest point

Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m

Elevation — lowest point

Riu Runer 840 m

Elevation — mean elevation

1,996 m

Natural resources

Hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Land use — agricultural land

39.9% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 1.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 38.3% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

38.7% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

21.4% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2022)

Population distribution

Population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Natural hazards

Avalanches

Geography - note

Landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees

👥 People and Society⬆️ Top

Population — total

85,370 (2024 est.)

Population — male

43,652

Population — female

41,718

Nationality — noun

Andorran(s)

Nationality — adjective

Andorran

Ethnic groups

Spanish 34.3%, Andorran 32.1%, Portuguese 10%, French 5.6%, other 18% (2024 est.)

Languages

Catalan (official) 44.1%, Castilian 40.3%, Portuguese 13.5%, French 10%, English 3%, other 6.8% (2022 est.)

Religions

Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 89.5, other 8.8%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)

Age structure — 0-14 years

12% (male 5,276/female 4,954)

Age structure — 15-64 years

67.7% (male 29,562/female 28,201)

Age structure — 65 years and over

20.4% (2024 est.) (male 8,814/female 8,563)

Dependency ratios — total dependency ratio

47.8 (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios — youth dependency ratio

17.7 (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios — elderly dependency ratio

30.1 (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios — potential support ratio

3.3 (2024 est.)

Median age — total

49.4 years (2025 est.)

Median age — male

48.7 years

Median age — female

48.8 years

Population growth rate

-0.12% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

6.88 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

Population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Urbanization — urban population

87.8% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)

Sex ratio — at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 15-64 years

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 65 years and over

1.03 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — total population

1.05 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

32.8 years (2019)

Maternal mortality ratio

11 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate — total

3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate — male

3.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate — female

3.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth — total population

83.8 years (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth — male

81.6 years

Life expectancy at birth — female

86.2 years

Total fertility rate

1.47 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.71 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: urban

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: rural

Rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: total

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: total

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

8.3% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

15.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

5.07 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Sanitation facility access — improved: urban

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: rural

Rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: total

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: urban

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: rural

Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: total

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

25.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita — total

10.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — beer

3.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — wine

4.98 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — spirits

2.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use — total

33% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — male

31.7% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — female

34.4% (2025 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% GDP)

1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% national budget)

12.1% national budget (2025 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — total

14 years (2023 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — male

14 years (2023 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — female

15 years (2023 est.)

🌿 Environment⬆️ Top

Environmental issues

Deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal

International environmental agreements — party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

International environmental agreements — signed, but not ratified

None of the selected agreements

Climate

Temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Land use — agricultural land

39.9% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 1.6% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 38.3% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

38.7% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

21.4% (2023 est.)

Urbanization — urban population

87.8% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

8.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling — municipal solid waste generated annually

43,000 tons (2024 est.)

Total renewable water resources

315.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

🏛️ Government⬆️ Top

Country name — conventional long form

Principality of Andorra

Country name — conventional short form

Andorra

Country name — local long form

Principat d'Andorra

Country name — local short form

Andorra

Country name — etymology

The origin of the country's name is obscure; may originate from the Navarrese word andurrial, meaning "shrub-covered land;" alternatively, may derive from the Arabic ad-darra meaning "the forest," a reference to its location; many other theories exist

Government type

Parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain

Capital — name

Andorra la Vella

Capital — geographic coordinates

42 30 N, 1 31 E

Capital — time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Capital — daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Capital — etymology

Translates as "Andorra the Old" in Catalan

Administrative divisions

7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Legal system

Mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law

Constitution — history

Drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993

Constitution — amendment process

Proposed by the co-princes jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the co-princes

International law organization participation

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship — citizenship by birth

No

Citizenship — citizenship by descent only

The mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra

Citizenship — dual citizenship recognized

No

Citizenship — residency requirement for naturalization

25 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch — chief of state

Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Eduard Ibanez PULIDO (since 27 November 2023)

Executive branch — head of government

Prime Minister Xavier Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)

Executive branch — cabinet

Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government

Executive branch — election/appointment process

Head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government

Executive branch — most recent election date

2 April 2023

Executive branch — election results

2023: Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) reelected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1% 2019: Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7

Executive branch — expected date of next election

April 2027

Legislative branch — legislature name

General Council (Consell General)

Legislative branch — legislative structure

Unicameral

Legislative branch — number of seats

28 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch — electoral system

Mixed system

Legislative branch — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch — term in office

4 years

Legislative branch — most recent election date

4/2/2023

Legislative branch — parties elected and seats per party

Democrats for Andorra (DA) and its allies (17); Concordia (Concòrdia) and its allies (5); Andorra Forward (Andorra Endavant) (3); Social Democrat Party (PS) - Social Democracy and Progress (SDP) (3)

Legislative branch — percentage of women in chamber

50%

Legislative branch — expected date of next election

April 2027

Judicial branch — highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)

Judicial branch — judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the co-princes, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the co-princes and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms

Judicial branch — subordinate courts

Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts

Political parties

Concordia or C Democrats for Andorra or DA Forward Andorra or AE Liberals of Andorra or L'A Social Democratic Party or PS Social Democracy and Progress or SDP

Diplomatic representation in the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Joan FORNER ROVIRA (since 13 January 2025); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

Diplomatic representation in the US — chancery

2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017

Diplomatic representation in the US — telephone

[1] (212) 750-8064

Diplomatic representation in the US — FAX

[1] (212) 750-6630

Diplomatic representation in the US — email address and website

Contact@andorraun.org https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy

Diplomatic representation from the US — embassy

The US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Espana; telephone: [34] (93) 280-22-27; FAX: [34] (93) 280-61-75; email address: Barcelonaacs@state.gov

International organization participation

CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)

Independence

1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)

National holiday

Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)

Flag

Description: three vertical bands of blue (left side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band, which is slightly wider than the other two; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger) meaning: the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to symbolize Franco-Spanish protection

National symbol(s)

Red cow (breed unspecified)

National color(s)

Blue, yellow, red

National anthem(s) — title

"El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne)

National anthem(s) — lyrics/music

Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS

National anthem(s) — history

Adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first-person narrative

National heritage — total World Heritage Sites

1 (cultural)

National heritage — selected World Heritage Site locales

Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley

💹 Economy⬆️ Top

Economic overview

High GDP; low unemployment; non-EU Euro user; co-principality duty-free area between Spain and France; tourist hub but hit hard by COVID-19; modern, non-tax haven financial sector; looking for big tech investments; new member of SEPA and IMF

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$5.402 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$5.226 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$5.094 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2024

3.4% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.6% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2022

9.6% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2024

$65,900 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2023

$64,600 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2022

$63,900 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.04 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

6.2% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021

1.7% (2021 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020

0.1% (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — agriculture

0.5% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — industry

12.8% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — services

77.6% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

Small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco, sheep, cattle

Industries

Tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture

Industrial production growth rate

6% (2024 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2023

1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2022

1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2021

1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Budget — revenues

$1.054 billion (2023 est.)

Budget — expenditures

$989.38 million (2023 est.)

Public debt — Public debt 2013

41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2023

$538.287 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2022

$393.62 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2021

$499.422 million (2021 est.)

Exports — Exports 2023

$3.169 billion (2023 est.)

Exports — Exports 2022

$2.736 billion (2022 est.)

Exports — Exports 2021

$2.446 billion (2021 est.)

Exports - partners

Spain 39%, USA 21%, France 11%, UK 5%, UAE 3% (2023)

Exports - commodities

Paintings, integrated circuits, cars, orthopedic appliances, garments (2023)

Imports — Imports 2023

$2.716 billion (2023 est.)

Imports — Imports 2022

$2.44 billion (2022 est.)

Imports — Imports 2021

$2.143 billion (2021 est.)

Imports - partners

Spain 65%, France 11%, Germany 4%, China 3%, Italy 3% (2023)

Imports - commodities

Cars, refined petroleum, garments, perfumes, electricity (2023)

Exchange rates — Currency

Euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2022

0.951 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

⚡ Energy⬆️ Top

Electricity access — electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

📡 Communications⬆️ Top

Telephones - fixed lines — total subscriptions

52,000 (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

64 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — total subscriptions

126,214 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

156 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

The media scene is partly shaped by the proximity to France and Spain; Andorrans have access to broadcasts from both countries (2023)

Internet country code

.ad

Internet users — percent of population

95% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — total

42,000 (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

52 (2023 est.)

🚚 Transportation⬆️ Top

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

C3

Heliports

2 (2025)

🛡️ Military and Security⬆️ Top

Military and security forces

No regular military forces; Police Corps of Andorra (under the Ministry of Justice and Interior)

Military - note

Defense is the responsibility of France and Spain