Singapore

Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia

1 22 N, 103 48 E

Southeast Asia

719 sq km

709.2 sq km

10 sq km

Slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.

0 km

193 km

3 nm

Within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice

Tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms

Lowlying, gently undulating central plateau

Bukit Timah 166 m

Singapore Strait 0 m

Fish, deepwater ports

0.9% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

22% (2023 est.)

77.1% (2023 est.)

0 sq km (2022)

Most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas

Flash floods

Focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, the largest of which by far is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones

6,080,545 (2025 est.)

3,040,862

3,039,683

Singaporean(s)

Singapore

Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)

English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)

Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)

14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969)

71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)

14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)

41.6 (2025 est.)

20.5 (2025 est.)

21.2 (2025 est.)

4.7 (2025 est.)

39.8 years (2025 est.)

38 years

40.6 years

0.85% (2025 est.)

8.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas

100% of total population (2023)

0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)

1.05 male(s)/female

1.07 male(s)/female

1.01 male(s)/female

0.87 male(s)/female

1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

30.5 years (2015 est.)

6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

1.7 deaths/1,000 live births

1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

86.7 years (2024 est.)

84 years

89.5 years

1.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)

0.58 (2025 est.)

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

5.6% of GDP (2021)

18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)

2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

6.1% (2016)

1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

16.2% (2025 est.)

27.6% (2025 est.)

3.8% (2025 est.)

43.8% (2020 est.)

0% (2023)

0.1% (2023)

2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

12% national budget (2025 est.)

97.7% (2021 est.)

98.9% (2021 est.)

96.4% (2021 est.)

17 years (2022 est.)

17 years (2022 est.)

17 years (2022 est.)

Water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

None of the selected agreements

Tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms

0.9% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

22% (2023 est.)

77.1% (2023 est.)

100% of total population (2023)

0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

10 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

1.87 million tons (2024 est.)

51.7% (2022 est.)

198.207 million cubic meters (2022)

162.624 million cubic meters (2022)

0 cubic meters (2022)

600 million cubic meters (2022)

Republic of Singapore

Singapore

Republic of Singapore

Singapore

Name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country

Parliamentary republic

Singapore

1 17 N, 103 51 E

UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country

No first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)

English common law

Several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965

Proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

No

At least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore

No

10 years

21 years of age; universal and compulsory

President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)

Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)

Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament

President directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president

1 September 2023

2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9% 2017: HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate

2029

Parliament

Unicameral

108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)

Plurality/majority

Full renewal

5 years

5/3/2025

People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)

32.3%

May 2030

Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court

Judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended

District, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals

People's Action Party or PAP Workers' Party or WPS there are 13 additional active political parties in Singapore

Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023)

3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

[1] (202) 537-3100

[1] (202) 537-0876

Singemb_was@mfa.sg https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/

San Francisco

New York

Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since 17 November 2025)

27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508

4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280

[65] 6476-9100

[65] 6476-9340

Singaporeusembassy@state.gov https://sg.usembassy.gov/

ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

National Day, 9 August (1965)

Description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent is on the left side of the red band, with a circle of five five-pointed white stars to the right of the crescent meaning: red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality

Lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid

Red, white

"Majulah Singapura" (Onward, Singapore)

Zubir SAID

Adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute

1 (cultural)

Singapore Botanic Gardens

High-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population

$800.304 billion (2024 est.)

$766.662 billion (2023 est.)

$752.948 billion (2022 est.)

4.4% (2024 est.)

1.8% (2023 est.)

4.1% (2022 est.)

$132,600 (2024 est.)

$129,600 (2023 est.)

$133,600 (2022 est.)

$547.387 billion (2024 est.)

2.4% (2024 est.)

4.8% (2023 est.)

6.1% (2022 est.)

0% (2024 est.)

21.4% (2024 est.)

73% (2024 est.)

31.5% (2024 est.)

10.6% (2024 est.)

21.9% (2024 est.)

0.3% (2024 est.)

178.8% (2024 est.)

-143.6% (2024 est.)

Chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)

Electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade

4.2% (2024 est.)

3.722 million (2024 est.)

3.2% (2024 est.)

3.5% (2023 est.)

3.6% (2022 est.)

7.8% (2024 est.)

5.6% (2024 est.)

10.8% (2024 est.)

45.8 (2016)

7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

0% of GDP (2023 est.)

0% of GDP (2022 est.)

0% of GDP (2021 est.)

$80.836 billion (2022 est.)

$73.144 billion (2022 est.)

175.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

13.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

$96.015 billion (2024 est.)

$89.403 billion (2023 est.)

$93.771 billion (2022 est.)

$978.597 billion (2024 est.)

$917.683 billion (2023 est.)

$947.355 billion (2022 est.)

Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

Integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)

$786.02 billion (2024 est.)

$728.5 billion (2023 est.)

$744.364 billion (2022 est.)

China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

Integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)

$383.946 billion (2024 est.)

$359.835 billion (2023 est.)

$296.629 billion (2022 est.)

Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -

1.336 (2024 est.)

1.343 (2023 est.)

1.379 (2022 est.)

1.343 (2021 est.)

1.38 (2020 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

13.134 million kW (2023 est.)

56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.)

169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)

94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

1.153 million metric tons (2023 est.)

97 metric tons (2023 est.)

1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)

1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.)

13.134 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

1.912 million (2023 est.)

33 (2023 est.)

9.96 million (2024 est.)

171 (2024 est.)

State-controlled broadcast media; 6 domestic TV stations operated by state-owned MediaCorp; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; 19 domestic radio stations, including 11 for MediaCorp, 5 for state-linked Singapore Press Holdings, 2 for Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association, and 1 for BBC Radio; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations available (2019)

.sg

94% (2023 est.)

1.57 million (2023 est.)

27 (2023 est.)

9V

9 (2025)

1 (2025)

3,202 (2023)

Bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300

5 (2024)

2

1

1

1

3

Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok

Singapore Armed Forces (SAF; aka Singapore Defense Force): Singapore Army, Republic of Singapore Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes air defense), Digital and Intelligence Service Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025)

3% of GDP (2024 est.)

3% of GDP (2023 est.)

3% of GDP (2022 est.)

3% of GDP (2021 est.)

3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Information varies; approximately 55,000 active-duty Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2025)

The SAF has a diverse and modern mix of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems from such suppliers as France, Germany, and the US; Singapore has a small but sophisticated defense industry, which produces armaments such as armored vehicles and naval warships (2025)

18 years of age for voluntary enlistment for men and women (16.5 for early enlistment program with parental consent); 18-21 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 24-month conscript service obligation (2026)

Maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2025)

The SAF’s primary responsibility is external defense, particularly maritime security, but it also trains for certain domestic security operations, including joint deterrence patrols with police in instances of heightened terrorism alerts; the Army includes a “people’s defense force,” which is a divisional headquarters responsible for homeland security and counterterrorism; the SAF regularly participates in bilateral and multilateral training exercises Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)

1,109 (2024 est.)