San Marino

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Europe

61 sq km

61 sq km

0 sq km

About one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

37 km

Italy 37 km

0 km (landlocked)

None (landlocked)

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Rugged mountains

Monte Titano 739 m

Torrente Ausa 55 m

Building stone

38.3% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

16.7% (2023 est.)

45% (2023 est.)

0 sq km (2022)

Occasional earthquakes

Landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

35,291 (2025 est.)

17,035

18,256

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Sammarinese

Sammarinese, Italian

Italian

L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Roman Catholic

14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387)

64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648)

21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

56.5 (2025 est.)

22.2 (2025 est.)

34.3 (2025 est.)

2.9 (2025 est.)

46.3 years (2025 est.)

44.5 years

47.4 years

0.55% (2025 est.)

9.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

5.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

97.8% of total population (2023)

0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

1.09 male(s)/female

1.1 male(s)/female

0.94 male(s)/female

0.83 male(s)/female

0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

31.9 years (2019)

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

7.4 deaths/1,000 live births

5 deaths/1,000 live births

84.2 years (2024 est.)

81.7 years

87 years

1.54 children born/woman (2025 est.)

0.74 (2025 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

8% of GDP (2021)

29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

2.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

13% national budget (2023 est.)

99.9% (2022 est.)

99.9% (2022 est.)

99.9% (2022 est.)

16 years (2015 est.)

15 years (2015 est.)

16 years (2015 est.)

Air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

Air Pollution

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

38.3% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

16.7% (2023 est.)

45% (2023 est.)

97.8% of total population (2023)

0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

17,200 tons (2024 est.)

45.1% (2016 est.)

Republic of San Marino

San Marino

Repubblica di San Marino

San Marino

Named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Parliamentary republic

San Marino (city)

43 56 N, 12 25 E

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Civil law system with Italian civil law influences

San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974

Proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

No

At least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

No

30 years

18 years of age; universal

Co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026)

Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)

Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

Co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term

Co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025 secretary of state: 28 December 2019

2025: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

Co-chiefs of state: September 2025

Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)

Unicameral

60 (all directly elected)

Proportional representation

Full renewal

5 years

6/9/2024

Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)

35%

June 2029

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)

Judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

First instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Domani - Modus Liberi or DML Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera Future Republic or RF Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD Reformist Alliance or AR RETE Movement Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS Socialist Party or PS Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

[1] (212) 751-1234

[1] (212) 751-1436

Sanmarinoun@gmail.com Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

The United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

Description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) meaning: the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty

Three peaks, each displaying a tower

White, blue

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

No lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

Adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece

1 (cultural)

San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

High-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

$2.393 billion (2022 est.)

$2.218 billion (2021 est.)

$1.947 billion (2020 est.)

7.9% (2022 est.)

13.9% (2021 est.)

-6.6% (2020 est.)

$70,900 (2022 est.)

$64,700 (2021 est.)

$56,000 (2020 est.)

$1.832 billion (2022 est.)

1.2% (2024 est.)

5.9% (2023 est.)

5.3% (2022 est.)

0% (2022 est.)

37.6% (2022 est.)

55.1% (2022 est.)

35.5% (2022 est.)

17.1% (2022 est.)

17.8% (2022 est.)

5.2% (2022 est.)

197.4% (2022 est.)

-173% (2022 est.)

Wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

10.7% (2022 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

$841.03 million (2023 est.)

$816.886 million (2023 est.)

103.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

17.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

$284.256 million (2022 est.)

$100.118 million (2021 est.)

$42.98 million (2020 est.)

$3.616 billion (2022 est.)

$3.23 billion (2021 est.)

$2.439 billion (2020 est.)

Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023)

Washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)

$3.169 billion (2022 est.)

$2.94 billion (2021 est.)

$2.232 billion (2020 est.)

Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023)

Garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)

$836.088 million (2023 est.)

$716.066 million (2022 est.)

$954.383 million (2021 est.)

Euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.924 (2024 est.)

0.925 (2023 est.)

0.951 (2022 est.)

0.845 (2021 est.)

0.877 (2020 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

16,000 (2022 est.)

47 (2022 est.)

41,000 (2022 est.)

120 (2022 est.)

State-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

.sm

87% (2023 est.)

12,000 (2022 est.)

36 (2022 est.)

T7

1 (2025)

San Marino Military Corps (Corpi Militari Sammarinesi; aka Sammarinese Armed Forces or Forze Armate Sammarinesi): Fortress Guard Command (or Guard of the Rock), Uniformed Company of the Militias, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2025)

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2025)

Defense is the responsibility of Italy