Benin Facts, Map, Population, GDP

Capital

Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government)

Population

15,186,090 (2025 est.)

Area

112,622 sq km

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo

🧭 Background

Present-day Benin is comprised of about 42 ethnic groups, including the Yoruba in the southeast, who migrated from what is now Nigeria in the 12th century; the Dendi in the north-central area, who came from Mali in the 16th century; the Bariba and the Fula in the northeast; the Ottamari in the Atakora mountains; the Fon in the area around Abomey in the south-central area; and the Mina, Xueda, and Aja, who came from Togo, on the coast. The Kingdom of Dahomey emerged on the Abomey plateau in the 17th century and was a regional power for much of the 18th and 19th centuries. The growth of Dahomey coincided with the growth of the Atlantic slave trade, and it became known as a major source of enslaved people. France began to control the coastal areas of Dahomey in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960, and it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and a Marxist-Leninist government. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU returned to power after elections in 1996 and 2001. He stepped down in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent, who won a second term in 2011. Patrice TALON, a wealthy businessman, took office in 2016; the space for pluralism, dissent, and free expression has narrowed under his administration. TALON won a second term in 2021.

🗺️ Geography

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo

Geographic coordinates

9 30 N, 2 15 E

Map references

Africa

Area — total

112,622 sq km

Area — land

110,622 sq km

Area — water

2,000 sq km

Area - comparative

Slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Land boundaries — total

2,123 km

Land boundaries — border countries

Burkina Faso 386 km; Niger 277 km; Nigeria 809 km; Togo 651 km

Coastline

121 km

Maritime claims — territorial sea

200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim

Maritime claims — continental shelf

200 nm

Maritime claims — exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Climate

Tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Terrain

Mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains

Elevation — highest point

Unnamed elevation 675 m; located 2.5 km southeast of the town of Kotopounga

Elevation — lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Elevation — mean elevation

273 m

Natural resources

Small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber

Land use — agricultural land

41.8% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 31.4% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 5.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 4.9% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

28.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

29.7% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

530 sq km (2019)

Major watersheds (area sq km) — Atlantic Ocean drainage

Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)

Population distribution

The population is primarily located in the south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the north remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations of residents in the west, as shown in this population distribution map

Natural hazards

Hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March

Geography - note

Sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands

👥 People and Society⬆️ Top

Population — total

15,186,090 (2025 est.)

Population — male

7,500,771

Population — female

7,685,319

Nationality — noun

Beninese (singular and plural)

Nationality — adjective

Beninese

Ethnic groups

Fon and related 38.4%, Adja and related 15.1%, Yoruba and related 12%, Bariba and related 9.6%, Fulani and related 8.6%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4.3%, Dendi and related 2.9%, other 0.9%, foreigner 1.9% (2013 est.)

Languages

55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba and Fulfulde

Religions

Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)

Age structure — 0-14 years

45.3% (male 3,360,027/female 3,294,201)

Age structure — 15-64 years

52.2% (male 3,727,040/female 3,951,786)

Age structure — 65 years and over

2.5% (2024 est.) (male 166,191/female 197,807)

Dependency ratios — total dependency ratio

91.1 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — youth dependency ratio

86.3 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — elderly dependency ratio

4.8 (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios — potential support ratio

21 (2025 est.)

Median age — total

17.2 years (2025 est.)

Median age — male

16.6 years

Median age — female

17.7 years

Population growth rate

3.26% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

39.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

7.45 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

The population is primarily located in the south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the north remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations of residents in the west, as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization — urban population

50.1% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

285,000 PORTO-NOVO (capital) (2018); 1.253 million Abomey-Calavi, 722,000 COTONOU (seat of government) (2022)

Sex ratio — at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 0-14 years

1.02 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 15-64 years

0.94 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — 65 years and over

0.84 male(s)/female

Sex ratio — total population

0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

20.5 years (2017/18 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

518 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate — total

51.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate — male

57.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate — female

47.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth — total population

63 years (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth — male

61.1 years

Life expectancy at birth — female

65 years

Total fertility rate

5.3 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

2.59 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: urban

Urban: 74.1% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: rural

Rural: 60.8% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — improved: total

Total: 67.4% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: urban

Urban: 25.9% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: rural

Rural: 39.2% of population (2022 est.)

Drinking water source — unimproved: total

Total: 32.6% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

2.6% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure — Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

2.6% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density

0.22 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Hospital bed density

0.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: urban

Urban: 58.5% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: rural

Rural: 20.8% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — improved: total

Total: 39.5% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: urban

Urban: 41.5% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: rural

Rural: 79.2% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access — unimproved: total

Total: 60.5% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

9.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita — total

1.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — beer

0.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — wine

0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — spirits

0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita — other alcohols

0.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use — total

4.8% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — male

8.3% (2025 est.)

Tobacco use — female

1.5% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

19.6% (2021 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

65.7% (2022 est.)

Child marriage — women married by age 15

5.9% (2022)

Child marriage — women married by age 18

27.5% (2022)

Child marriage — men married by age 18

4.6% (2022)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% GDP)

3.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure — Education expenditure (% national budget)

18% national budget (2025 est.)

Literacy — total population

51.4% (2022 est.)

Literacy — male

62.6% (2022 est.)

Literacy — female

41.5% (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — total

10 years (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — male

11 years (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) — female

9 years (2022 est.)

🌿 Environment⬆️ Top

Environmental issues

Inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution; poaching; deforestation; desertification; droughts

International environmental agreements — party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

International environmental agreements — signed, but not ratified

None of the selected agreements

Climate

Tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Land use — agricultural land

41.8% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: arable land

Arable land: 31.4% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent crops

Permanent crops: 5.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — agricultural land: permanent pasture

Permanent pasture: 4.9% (2023 est.)

Land use — forest

28.5% (2023 est.)

Land use — other

29.7% (2023 est.)

Urbanization — urban population

50.1% of total population (2023)

Urbanization — rate of urbanization

3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — total emissions

5.948 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from coal and metallurgical coke

379,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from petroleum and other liquids

5.263 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions — from consumed natural gas

306,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

32.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions — energy

63.4 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Methane emissions — agriculture

106.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Methane emissions — waste

34.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Methane emissions — other

43.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling — municipal solid waste generated annually

685,900 tons (2024 est.)

Waste and recycling — percent of municipal solid waste recycled

56.9% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — municipal

145 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — industrial

30 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal — agricultural

59 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources

26.39 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

🏛️ Government⬆️ Top

Country name — conventional long form

Republic of Benin

Country name — conventional short form

Benin

Country name — local long form

République du Benin

Country name — local short form

Benin

Country name — former

Dahomey, People's Republic of Benin

Country name — etymology

The current name comes from a local ethnic group, the Bini, whose name may be related to the Arabic word bani, meaning "sons;" the former name, Dahomey, comes from a previous kingdom in the area called Dan Homé

Government type

Presidential republic

Capital — name

Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government)

Capital — geographic coordinates

6 29 N, 2 37 E

Capital — time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Capital — etymology

The name Porto-Novo is Portuguese for "new port"; Cotonou means "mouth of the river of death" in the native Fon language

Administrative divisions

12 departments; Alibori, Atacora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Couffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou

Legal system

Civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law

Constitution — history

Previous 1946, 1958 (pre-independence); latest adopted by referendum 2 December 1990, promulgated 11 December 1990

Constitution — amendment process

Proposed concurrently by the president of the republic (after a decision in the Council of Ministers) and the National Assembly; consideration of drafts or proposals requires at least three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly membership; passage requires approval in a referendum unless approved by at least four-fifths majority vote of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles affecting territorial sovereignty, the republican form of government, and secularity of Benin cannot be amended

International law organization participation

Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship — citizenship by birth

No

Citizenship — citizenship by descent only

At least one parent must be a citizen of Benin

Citizenship — dual citizenship recognized

Yes

Citizenship — residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch — chief of state

President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016)

Executive branch — head of government

President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016)

Executive branch — cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

Executive branch — election/appointment process

President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)

Executive branch — most recent election date

11 April 2021

Executive branch — election results

2021: Patrice TALON reelected president in the ; percent of vote - Patrice TALON (independent) 86.3%, Alassane SOUMANOU (FCBE) 11.4%, Corentin KOHOUE (The Democrats) 2.3% 2016: Patrice TALON elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Lionel ZINSOU (FCBE) 28.4%, Patrice TALON (independent) 24.8%, Sebastien AJAVON (independent) 23%, Abdoulaye Bio TCHANE (ABT) 8.8%, Pascal KOUPAKI (NC) 5.9%, other 9.1%; percent of vote in second round - Patrice TALON 65.4%, Lionel ZINSOU 34.6%

Executive branch — expected date of next election

12 April 2026

Legislative branch — legislature name

National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)

Legislative branch — legislative structure

Unicameral

Legislative branch — number of seats

109 (all directly elected)

Legislative branch — electoral system

Proportional representation

Legislative branch — scope of elections

Full renewal

Legislative branch — term in office

4 years

Legislative branch — most recent election date

1/8/2023

Legislative branch — parties elected and seats per party

Progressive Union for Renewal (53); Republican Block (BR) (28); Democrats (28)

Legislative branch — percentage of women in chamber

26.6%

Legislative branch — expected date of next election

January 2026

Judicial branch — highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the chief justice and 16 justices organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts); Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members, including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president)

Judicial branch — judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the president of the republic on the advice of the National Assembly; judges appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members - 4 appointed by the National Assembly and 3 by the president of the republic; members appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; other members of the High Court of Justice elected by the National Assembly; member tenure NA

Judicial branch — subordinate courts

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court for the Repression of Economic and Terrorism Infractions (CRIET) or Cour de Répression des Infractions Economiques et du Terrorisme; district courts; village courts; Assize courts

Political parties

African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP Benin Renaissance or RB Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE Democratic Renewal Party or PRD Progressive Union for Renewal Republican Bloc Sun Alliance or AS The Democrats Union Makes the Nation or UN (includes PRD, MADEP)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Agniola AHOUANMENOU (since 24 July 2025)

Diplomatic representation in the US — chancery

2124 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

Diplomatic representation in the US — telephone

[1] (202) 232-6656

Diplomatic representation in the US — FAX

[1] (202) 265-1996

Diplomatic representation in the US — email address and website

Ambassade.washington@gouv.bj https://beninembassy.us/

Diplomatic representation from the US — chief of mission

Ambassador Brian SHUKAN (since 5 May 2022)

Diplomatic representation from the US — embassy

01BP 2012, Cotonou

Diplomatic representation from the US — mailing address

2120 Cotonou Place, Washington DC 20521-2120

Diplomatic representation from the US — telephone

[229] 21-36-75-00

Diplomatic representation from the US — FAX

[229] 21-30-03-84

Diplomatic representation from the US — email address and website

ACSCotonou@state.gov https://bj.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence

1 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 August (1960)

Flag

Description: two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) to the right, with a vertical green band on the left side meaning: green stands for hope and revival, yellow for wealth, and red for courage history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement

National symbol(s)

Leopard

National color(s)

Green, yellow, red

National anthem(s) — title

"L'Aube Nouvelle" (The Dawn of a New Day)

National anthem(s) — lyrics/music

Gilbert Jean DAGNON

National anthem(s) — history

Adopted 1960

National heritage — total World Heritage Sites

3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)

National heritage — selected World Heritage Site locales

Royal Palaces of Abomey (c); W-Arly-Pendjari Complex (n); Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba (c)

💹 Economy⬆️ Top

Economic overview

Robust economic growth; slightly declining but still widespread poverty; strong trade relations with Nigeria; cotton exporter; COVID-19 has led to capital outflows and border closures; WAEMU member with currency pegged to the euro; recent fiscal deficit and debt reductions

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$56.424 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$52.51 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) — Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$49.374 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2024

7.5% (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2023

6.4% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate — Real GDP growth rate 2022

6.3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2024

$3,900 (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2023

$3,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita — Real GDP per capita 2022

$3,600 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$21.483 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

1.2% (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

2.7% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) — Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

1.4% (2022 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — agriculture

24.2% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — industry

17.4% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin — services

48.9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — household consumption

58.9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — government consumption

9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in fixed capital

34.7% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — investment in inventories

0.4% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — exports of goods and services

18.8% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use — imports of goods and services

-21.8% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

Cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, cotton, soybeans, rice, pineapples, tomatoes, chillies/peppers (2023)

Industries

Textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement

Industrial production growth rate

9.7% (2024 est.)

Labor force

6.397 million (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2024

1.8% (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2023

1.7% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate — Unemployment rate 2022

1.7% (2022 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — total

3.3% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — male

3.6% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) — female

2.9% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

38.5% (2018 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income — Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021

34.4 (2021 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — lowest 10%

3.1% (2021 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share — highest 10%

27.2% (2021 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2023

1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2022

1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances — Remittances 2021

1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)

Budget — revenues

$2.024 billion (2019 est.)

Budget — expenditures

$2.101 billion (2019 est.)

Public debt — Public debt 2016

49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2023

-$1.609 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2022

-$991.005 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance — Current account balance 2021

-$734.659 million (2021 est.)

Exports — Exports 2023

$4.511 billion (2023 est.)

Exports — Exports 2022

$4.271 billion (2022 est.)

Exports — Exports 2021

$4.154 billion (2021 est.)

Exports - partners

UAE 42%, Bangladesh 20%, India 11%, China 5%, Togo 3% (2023)

Exports - commodities

Gold, cotton, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews, soybeans, wood (2023)

Imports — Imports 2023

$6.189 billion (2023 est.)

Imports — Imports 2022

$5.296 billion (2022 est.)

Imports — Imports 2021

$4.925 billion (2021 est.)

Imports - partners

China 21%, India 15%, USA 6%, France 6%, Nigeria 4% (2023)

Imports - commodities

Rice, refined petroleum, palm oil, poultry, cars (2023)

Debt - external — Debt - external 2023

$6.309 billion (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2024

606.345 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2023

606.655 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2022

622.912 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2021

554.608 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates — Exchange rates 2020

574.295 (2020 est.)

⚡ Energy⬆️ Top

Electricity access — electrification - total population

56.5% (2022 est.)

Electricity access — electrification - urban areas

71.1%

Electricity access — electrification - rural areas

45.5%

Electricity — installed generating capacity

505,000 kW (2023 est.)

Electricity — consumption

1.459 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — exports

2 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — imports

844.888 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity — transmission/distribution losses

385 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — fossil fuels

96.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources — solar

3.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal — consumption

164,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Coal — imports

164,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum — refined petroleum consumption

40,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Petroleum — crude oil estimated reserves

8 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas — consumption

157.25 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — imports

157.25 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Natural gas — proven reserves

1.133 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita — Total energy consumption per capita 2023

6.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

📡 Communications⬆️ Top

Telephones - fixed lines — total subscriptions

1,350 (2024 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2024 est.) less than 1

Telephones - mobile cellular — total subscriptions

18.2 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

126 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

State-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with a wide broadcast reach; several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented by a number of regional stations; substantial number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2019)

Internet country code

.bj

Internet users — percent of population

32% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — total

24,000 (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions — subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

(2023 est.) less than 1

🚚 Transportation⬆️ Top

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

TY

Airports

10 (2025)

Railways — total

438 km (2014)

Railways — narrow gauge

438 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Merchant marine — total

6 (2023)

Merchant marine — by type

Other 6

Ports — total ports

1 (2024)

Ports — large

0

Ports — medium

1

Ports — small

0

Ports — very small

0

Ports — ports with oil terminals

1

Ports — key ports

Cotonou

🛡️ Military and Security⬆️ Top

Military and security forces

Beninese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Beninoises, FAB; aka Benin Defense Forces): Army, Air Force, National Navy, National Guard (aka Republican Guard) Ministry of Interior and Public Security: Republican Police (Police Republicaine, DGPR) (2025)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2024

0.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2023

0.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2022

0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2021

0.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military expenditures — Military Expenditures 2020

0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

Estimated 10-12,000 active duty Armed Forces (including National Guard) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

The military is equipped with a mix of older, secondhand, and limited amounts of newer equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, France, Germany, South Africa, the former Soviet Union, Spain, and the US (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary and selective compulsory military service for men and women; compulsory service is 18 months (2025)

Military - note

The Beninese Armed Forces (FAB) are responsible for defense against external aggression and may be required to assist in maintaining public order and internal security under conditions defined by the country's president; it may also participate in economic development projects a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from northern Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in 2022, the Benin Government said it was "at war" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON pledged to increase the size of the military, modernize military equipment, and establish forward operating bases; the military since 2022 has also deployed thousands of additional troops to the north of the country to better secure the border region; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeastern border (2025)

🚨 Terrorism⬆️ Top

Terrorist group(s)

Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM); Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS); Boko Haram

🌐 Transnational Issues⬆️ Top

Refugees and internally displaced persons — refugees

23,225 (2024 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons — IDPs

12,501 (2024 est.)