The World Factbook

Madagascar flag Madagascar Change log

Revision history from the country JSON source.

Showing revisions since 2026-01-01.

2026-02-16 6c458c5c

Convert data/factbook.json from gitlink to regular directory

342 changed field(s): 0 changed, 341 added, 1 removed.

+341 -1 ~0

Initial recorded snapshot.

Structured diff

Showing first 120 changed field(s) on this revision.

Type Field Previous value Current value
- Removed $ {} β€”
+ Added Communications.Broadband - fixed subscriptions.subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.text β€” (2023 est.) less than 1
+ Added Communications.Broadband - fixed subscriptions.total.text β€” 34,000 (2023 est.)
+ Added Communications.Broadcast media.text β€” state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural …
+ Added Communications.Internet country code.text β€” .mg
+ Added Communications.Internet users.percent of population.text β€” 20% (2023 est.)
+ Added Communications.Telephones - fixed lines.subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.text β€” (2023 est.) less than 1
+ Added Communications.Telephones - fixed lines.total subscriptions.text β€” 3,000 (2023 est.)
+ Added Communications.Telephones - mobile cellular.subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.text β€” 76 (2023 est.)
+ Added Communications.Telephones - mobile cellular.total subscriptions.text β€” 23.5 million (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Agricultural products.note β€” note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
+ Added Economy.Agricultural products.text β€” rice, sugarcane, cassava, sweet potatoes, milk, bananas, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, maize, potatoes (2023)
+ Added Economy.Budget.expenditures.text β€” $2.876 billion (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Budget.note β€” note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
+ Added Economy.Budget.revenues.text β€” $2.066 billion (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Current account balance.Current account balance 2020.text β€” -$623.653 million (2020 est.)
+ Added Economy.Current account balance.Current account balance 2021.text β€” -$721.953 million (2021 est.)
+ Added Economy.Current account balance.Current account balance 2022.text β€” -$829.376 million (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Current account balance.note β€” note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
+ Added Economy.Debt - external.Debt - external 2023.text β€” $3.548 billion (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Debt - external.note β€” note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
+ Added Economy.Economic overview.text β€” low-income East African island economy; natural resource rich; extreme poverty; return of political stability has helped growth; sharp tax revenue drop due to COVID-19; leading vanilla producer; environmentally fragile
+ Added Economy.Exchange rates.Currency.text β€” Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar -
+ Added Economy.Exchange rates.Exchange rates 2020.text β€” 3,787.754 (2020 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exchange rates.Exchange rates 2021.text β€” 3,829.978 (2021 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exchange rates.Exchange rates 2022.text β€” 4,096.116 (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exchange rates.Exchange rates 2023.text β€” 4,429.579 (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exchange rates.Exchange rates 2024.text β€” 4,525.425 (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exports - commodities.note β€” note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
+ Added Economy.Exports - commodities.text β€” garments, nickel, vanilla, cloves, gold (2023)
+ Added Economy.Exports - partners.note β€” note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
+ Added Economy.Exports - partners.text β€” USA 16%, France 15%, Japan 8%, China 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
+ Added Economy.Exports.Exports 2020.text β€” $2.589 billion (2020 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exports.Exports 2021.text β€” $3.362 billion (2021 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exports.Exports 2022.text β€” $4.689 billion (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Exports.note β€” note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
+ Added Economy.GDP (official exchange rate).note β€” note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
+ Added Economy.GDP (official exchange rate).text β€” $17.421 billion (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.exports of goods and services.text β€” 23.6% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.government consumption.text β€” 15.3% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.household consumption.text β€” 69.8% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.imports of goods and services.text β€” -31.3% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.investment in fixed capital.text β€” 22.6% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.investment in inventories.text β€” 0% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by end use.note β€” note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by sector of origin.agriculture.text β€” 22.5% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by sector of origin.industry.text β€” 22.8% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by sector of origin.note β€” note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
+ Added Economy.GDP - composition, by sector of origin.services.text β€” 46.4% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Imports - commodities.note β€” note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
+ Added Economy.Imports - commodities.text β€” refined petroleum, rice, fabric, cotton fabric, wheat (2023)
+ Added Economy.Imports - partners.note β€” note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
+ Added Economy.Imports - partners.text β€” China 19%, Oman 13%, France 10%, India 8%, South Africa 5% (2023)
+ Added Economy.Imports.Imports 2020.text β€” $3.718 billion (2020 est.)
+ Added Economy.Imports.Imports 2021.text β€” $4.769 billion (2021 est.)
+ Added Economy.Imports.Imports 2022.text β€” $6.041 billion (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Imports.note β€” note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
+ Added Economy.Industrial production growth rate.note β€” note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
+ Added Economy.Industrial production growth rate.text β€” 3.7% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Industries.text β€” meat processing, seafood, soap, beer, leather, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism, mining
+ Added Economy.Inflation rate (consumer prices).Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021.text β€” 5.8% (2021 est.)
+ Added Economy.Inflation rate (consumer prices).Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022.text β€” 8.2% (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Inflation rate (consumer prices).Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023.text β€” 9.9% (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Inflation rate (consumer prices).note β€” note: annual % change based on consumer prices
+ Added Economy.Labor force.note β€” note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
+ Added Economy.Labor force.text β€” 16.519 million (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Public debt.Public debt 2016.text β€” 38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP (purchasing power parity).Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022.text β€” $48.782 billion (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP (purchasing power parity).Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023.text β€” $50.833 billion (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP (purchasing power parity).Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024.text β€” $52.968 billion (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP (purchasing power parity).note β€” note: data in 2021 dollars
+ Added Economy.Real GDP growth rate.Real GDP growth rate 2022.text β€” 4.2% (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP growth rate.Real GDP growth rate 2023.text β€” 4.2% (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP growth rate.Real GDP growth rate 2024.text β€” 4.2% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP growth rate.note β€” note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
+ Added Economy.Real GDP per capita.Real GDP per capita 2022.text β€” $1,600 (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP per capita.Real GDP per capita 2023.text β€” $1,600 (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP per capita.Real GDP per capita 2024.text β€” $1,700 (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Real GDP per capita.note β€” note: data in 2021 dollars
+ Added Economy.Remittances.Remittances 2021.text β€” 3.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
+ Added Economy.Remittances.Remittances 2022.text β€” 2.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Remittances.Remittances 2023.text β€” 2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Remittances.note β€” note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
+ Added Economy.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022.text β€” $2.16 billion (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023.text β€” $2.632 billion (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024.text β€” $2.785 billion (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Reserves of foreign exchange and gold.note β€” note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
+ Added Economy.Taxes and other revenues.note β€” note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
+ Added Economy.Taxes and other revenues.text β€” 9.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Unemployment rate.Unemployment rate 2022.text β€” 3.2% (2022 est.)
+ Added Economy.Unemployment rate.Unemployment rate 2023.text β€” 3.1% (2023 est.)
+ Added Economy.Unemployment rate.Unemployment rate 2024.text β€” 3.1% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Unemployment rate.note β€” note: % of labor force seeking employment
+ Added Economy.Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24).female.text β€” 5.4% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24).male.text β€” 5.3% (2024 est.)
+ Added Economy.Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24).note β€” note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
+ Added Economy.Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24).total.text β€” 5.4% (2024 est.)
+ Added Energy.Coal.consumption.text β€” 472,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Coal.imports.text β€” 472,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Coal.proven reserves.text β€” 150 million metric tons (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity access.electrification - rural areas.text β€” 10.9%
+ Added Energy.Electricity access.electrification - total population.text β€” 36.1% (2022 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity access.electrification - urban areas.text β€” 71.6%
+ Added Energy.Electricity generation sources.biomass and waste.text β€” 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity generation sources.fossil fuels.text β€” 64.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity generation sources.hydroelectricity.text β€” 31.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity generation sources.solar.text β€” 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity.consumption.text β€” 2.506 billion kWh (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity.installed generating capacity.text β€” 759,000 kW (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Electricity.transmission/distribution losses.text β€” 139 million kWh (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Energy consumption per capita.Total energy consumption per capita 2023.text β€” 1.816 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
+ Added Energy.Petroleum.refined petroleum consumption.text β€” 20,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
+ Added Environment.Carbon dioxide emissions.from coal and metallurgical coke.text β€” 1.057 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
+ Added Environment.Carbon dioxide emissions.from petroleum and other liquids.text β€” 2.879 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
+ Added Environment.Carbon dioxide emissions.total emissions.text β€” 3.936 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
+ Added Environment.Climate.text β€” tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
+ Added Environment.Environmental issues.text β€” erosion and soil degradation from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; agricultural fires; water pollution from raw sewage and other organic wastes; wildlife preservation
+ Added Environment.International environmental agreements.party to.text β€” Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London P…
+ Added Environment.International environmental agreements.signed, but not ratified.text β€” none of the selected agreements
+ Added Environment.Land use.agricultural land.text β€” 70.3% (2023 est.)
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